王龙溪“气”论研究

Study on Longxi Wang’s “Qi” Theory

摘要: “气”是中国哲学发展进程中的一个重要范畴，在阳明心学的整个哲学体系建构中也具有不可或缺的地位，不过学界对于阳明心学特别是王龙溪的气论反而关注不多，缺乏完整系统的概括和论说。实际上，王龙溪继承和发展了王阳明的思想，把“气”作为本体的流行与妙用，提出了“良知者，气之灵”的观点，“气”遂而成为本心、天理、良知等哲学概念的基础，以气贯通性命，而最终又归于良知。但在后天的气之流行运用中，本体会受到遮蔽，从而有恶之产生。因此，龙溪便要求“学在变化气质”之工夫，即要求学人随处立志、去除客气和习气、涵养主气。由此可见，王龙溪的“气”论，涵盖了本体与工夫的视域，展现了宋明气学的另类向度。

Abstract: “Qi” is an important category in the development of Chinese philosophy and plays an indispensable role in the construction of the whole philosophical system of Yangming’s philosophy of mind. How-ever, the academic circle pays little attention to Yangming’s philosophy of mind, especially Wang Longxi’s theory of Qi, and lacks a complete and systematic summary and discussion. In fact, Wang Longxi inherited and developed Wang Yangming’s thought, taking “Qi” as the popular and brilliant use of noumenon, and putting forward the view that “the conscience is the spirit of Qi”. “Qi” then became the basis of philosophical concepts such as original mind, natural principle and conscience, and through the life with Qi, finally returned to the conscience. However, in the popular use of the acquired Qi, this experience is covered, and so it leads to evil. Therefore, Longxi requires “learning in the change of temperament” time, that is, requires scholars everywhere to resolve, remove po-liteness and habits, self-restraint. Therefore, it can be seen that Wang Longxi’s theory of “Qi” covers the perspective of Noumenon and effort, and shows the alternative dimension of Qi in Song and Ming Dynasties.