脑小血管病性认知功能障碍的危险因素研究进展

Research Progress in Risk Factors for Cognitive Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

摘要: 脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease, CSVD)是一组具有不同病理背景的各种血管疾病。脑血管的高级脉管系统网通常受到影响，包括小动脉、微动脉、毛细血管、微静脉和小静脉。脑小血管疾病有几种分类：其中包括Binswanger病、脑白质疏松症、脑微出血(CMBs)和腔隙性中风等疾病，临床表现为认知功能下降、情感障碍等。脑小血管病性认知功能障碍是血管性认知障碍的重要亚型，且认知功能障碍是脑小血管病最常见的临床表现。脑小血管病诱发认知功能障碍的危险因素可能涉及年龄、性别、肥胖等因素，因此对脑小血管病性认知功能障碍的危险因素进行深入探讨，可进一步提升和丰富脑小血管病性认知功能障碍的防治，延缓疾病进展，提高生活质量。

Abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of vascular diseases with different pathological backgrounds. The higher vasculature network of the blood vessel is usually affected by arterioles, arterioles, capillaries and venules. There are several categories of cerebral small vessel diseases including Binswanger’s disease, leukoaraiosis, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunar stroke, is mainly manifested as cognitive decline and emotional disturbance clinically. Small cerebral vas-cular cognitive dysfunction is an important subtype of vascular cognitive dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction is the most common clinical manifestations of small cerebral vascular disease. The risk factors of cognitive dysfunction induced by small cerebral vascular disease may involve age, gender, obesity and other factors, therefore, the in-depth study of the risk factors of cerebral small vascular disease cognitive dysfunction can further improve and enrich the prevention and treatment of cerebral small vascular disease cognitive dysfunction, delay the disease progression, improve the quality of life.