基于卡诺模型的口袋公园老年人满意度调查

Pocket Park Elderly Satisfaction Survey Based on the Kano Model

摘要: 目的：以武汉市口袋公园为研究对象，从老年人心理需求出发进行满意度调查研究。方法：根据老年人心理生理特点，选取安全需求、社交需求、文化需求作为老年人主要心理需求指标，编制口袋公园满意度调查问卷。并在正式研究之前对武汉市3座口袋公园的8位老年使用者进行初步访谈，基于卡诺模型确定最终调查量表，最终共收到116份来自武汉市7座口袋公园老年使用者的有效问卷。结果：根据卡诺模型四种属性划分，安全需求中的安全防滑的道路、充足的照明设施属于必备属性；安全需求中齐全的健身器材、遮阳避雨亭，社交需求中充足的活动场地、木制靠背长椅属于期望属性；文化需求中新闻信息公告牌、养生知识宣传栏，社交需求中经常组织活动、尊老爱老志愿服务站属于魅力需求；文化需求中户外LED显示屏、广播系统属于无关需求。结论：在人口老龄化逐渐加深的社会环境下，口袋公园是老年人重要的休闲养老公共空间，在进行规划建设时需要重视基础设施建设，确保其安全性、增添其趣味性；增加口袋公园的舒适性和文化建设，依据使用对象的生理心理特点与具体使用情境，增添人文关怀；重视管理与后期维护，形成政府、社区、机构三位一体的管理形式，提高口袋公园的满意度与使用率。

Abstract: Objective: Taking Wuhan pocket park as the research object, the satisfaction survey study was conducted from the psychological needs of the elderly. Methods: According to the psycho-physiological characteristics of the elderly, safety needs, social needs and cultural needs were selected as the main psychological needs indicators of the elderly, and a pocket park satisfaction questionnaire was prepared. And preliminary interview is conducted with eight elderly users of three pocket parks in Wuhan before the formal study. Then determine the final survey scale based on Kano model. A total of 116 valid questionnaires were received from the elderly users of the seven pocket parks in Wuhan. Results: According to the four attributes of the Kano model, safe and non-slip roads and sufficient lighting facilities in the safety demand are essential attributes; complete fitness equipment and sun and rain shelters in the safety demand, sufficient activity space and wooden back benches in the social demand are desired attributes; news and information bulletin boards and health knowledge bulletin boards in the cultural demand, frequently organized activities and respect and care for the elderly volunteer service stations in the social demand are charming demands; outdoor LED displays and broadcasting systems in the cultural demand are irrelevant demands. Conclusion: In the social environment of the aging population, pocket parks are important public spaces for the elderly to relax and age. In the planning and construction, it is necessary to pay attention to the infrastructure construction to ensure its safety and increase its fun; to increase the comfort and culture construction of pocket parks, and to add humanistic care according to the physiological and psychological characteristics of the users and the specific usage situation; to pay attention to the management and post-maintenance, and to form a trinity management form of government, community and institutions to improve the satisfaction and usage rate of pocket parks.