我国涉外协议管辖制度与国际私法发展的趋同性路径研究

Study on the Convergence Path between China’s Foreign-Related Agreement Jurisdiction System and the Development of Private International Law

摘要: 2005年海牙国际私法会议在《选择法院协议公约》上取得了谈判的成功，就国际民商事案件中协议管辖的问题达成了统一。根据该公约的规定，当事人选择法院并不要求法院与案件之间存在实际联系，与我国《民事诉讼法》第三十四条存在冲突。在此之前，针对各国之间所产生的管辖权冲突各国或采取礼让或对判决不予承认与执行，但通常还是依据国内法的规定以及与他国所签订的司法协助条约。而在《公约》的框架下，各国对于协议管辖有了统一的标准，并直接影响到后续判决的承认与执行。在此种情况下，我国涉外协议管辖制度中的实际联系原则并不能达到预期效果，反而会造成一定阻碍。因此，为提升我国在国际民商事诉讼中的竞争力，抵抗《公约》带来的冲击并借此改善我国涉外协议管辖制度，与国际趋势相接轨，是未来发展之道路。

Abstract: The 2005 Hague Conference on Private International Law achieved a successful negotiation on the Convention on Choice of Court Agreements, which reached unification on the issue of agreed jurisdiction in international civil and commercial cases. According to the provisions of the Convention, the parties’ choice of court does not require an actual connection between the court and the case, which is in conflict with Article 34 of the Civil Procedure Law of China. Prior to this, countries had either made comity or denied recognition and enforcement of judgments for jurisdictional conflicts between countries, but usually based on the provisions of domestic laws and judicial assistance treaties signed with other countries. Under the framework of the Convention, countries have unified standards for agreed jurisdiction, which directly affects the recognition and enforcement of subsequent judgments. Under such circumstances, the principle of practical connection in China’s foreign-related agreement jurisdiction system does not achieve the desired effect, but will cause certain obstacles. Therefore, in order to enhance China’s competitiveness in international civil and commercial litigation, it is the way forward to resist the impact brought by the Convention and to improve China’s foreign-related agreement jurisdiction system, so as to be in line with international trends.