陕南丘陵山地土壤养分与地形因子的相关性研究

Study on the Correlation between Soil Nutrients and Topographic Factors in the Hills and Mountains of Southern Shaanxi

摘要: 研究不同微地形下区域土壤养分的空间分布特征及其与地形因子相关性，以期为同地形的其它区域土壤养分管理提供理论依据。以陕南丘陵山区为研究对象，采用方差分析、相关分析等分析方法对不同微地形(坡度、坡向、坡位)下的土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷的空间分布特征进行了分析，并探讨各土壤养分与地形因子之间的相关性。结果表明：研究区表层(0~10 cm)土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于中下层土壤，均属中等强度变异。土壤全氮、速效钾、有效磷和有机质含量在一定程度上受坡度、坡向和坡位的影响，总体上土壤全氮、有机质含量与坡位呈显著负相关关系(P < 0.05)，与坡向呈极显著正相关关系(P < 0.01)，而土壤速效钾与速效磷与坡位、坡度呈极著负相关关系(P < 0.05)。

Abstract: To study the spatial distribution characteristics of regional soil nutrients under different mi-cro-topography and their correlation with topographic factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil nutrient management in other regions with the same topography. Taking the hilly and mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi as the research object, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phos-phorus under different micro-topography (slope, slope aspect, slope position) were analyzed by variance analysis and correlation analysis. Analyzed and explored the correlation between various soil nutrients and topographic factors. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the surface layer (0~10 cm) of the study area were significantly higher than those in the middle and lower soil layers, all of which belonged to moderate intensity variation. The contents of soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter were affected by slope, slope aspect and slope position to a certain extent. In general, soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents were significantly negatively correlated with slope position (P < 0.05). The slope aspect showed a very significant positive correlation (P < 0.01), while the soil available potassium and available phosphorus had a very negative correlation with the slope position and slope (P < 0.05).