中小学生遭受校园欺凌与抑郁、焦虑症状的关联

Association of School Bullying with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary and Secondary School Students

摘要: 目的：近年来校园欺凌事件层出不穷，校园欺凌已是世界各国普遍存在的社会问题之一。遭遇校园欺凌会使个体产生自卑、低自尊、抑郁等消极情绪，患精神疾病的风险也更高，且该影响可持续到成年。抑郁与焦虑是中小学生在青春期阶段最常见的心理问题，其易感性与中小学生遭遇校园欺凌是否有关鲜有报道。本研究旨在调查成都市中小学生遭遇校园欺凌与抑郁症状的现状及其关联，对预防中小学生情绪障碍和心理问题具有重要意义。方法：于2022年6月采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，选取成都市某所学校小学三年级至初中二年级的1750名中小学生作为调查对象，调查内容包括一般情况、患者健康问卷(PHQ-2-C)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和暴力遭遇量表。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析青少年遭受校园欺凌与抑郁的关系。结果：成都市中小学生抑郁症状检出率为15.2%，焦虑症状检出率为11.4%。单因素分析结果显示，家庭类型、父母婚姻状况、家庭经济情况，以及是否遭遇校园欺凌与中小学生抑郁、焦虑症状有相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，遭受校园欺凌与抑郁、焦虑症状仍显著正相关。结论：中小学生的抑郁、焦虑症状与在校园中遭受欺凌密切相关。学校与家长应增强对受欺凌者的关注，重视欺凌者的心理健康教育，从源头避免校园欺凌发生。

Abstract: Purpose: In recent years, there have been numerous incidents of bullying in schools, and bullying in schools has become one of the prevalent social problems in countries around the world. Exposure to school bullying can cause individuals to develop negative emotions, such as low self-esteem, low self-esteem, depression and a higher risk of mental illness, and the effects can persist into adulthood. Depression is the most common psychological problem for anxious primary and secondary school students during adolescence, and there are few reports on whether its susceptibility is related to school bullying in primary and secondary school students. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of school bullying and depressive symptoms among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu and their association, which is important for the prevention of mood disorders and psychological problems among primary and secondary school students. Methods: A stratified random whole-group sampling method was used to select 1750 primary and secondary school students from the third grade to the second grade of junior high school in a school in Chengdu in June 2022. The survey included general information, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2-C), the Generalized Anxiety Inventory (GAD-7) and the Violence Encounter Scale. The relationship between school bullying and depression among adolescents was analyzed using the χ2 test and logistic regression. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu was 15.2% and 11.4%. The results of the univariate analysis showed that family type, parents’ marital status, family economic situation, and whether or not they had experienced school bullying were correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms among primary and secondary school students. The results of the multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that being bullied in school was still significantly and positively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety symptoms of primary and secondary school students are closely related to bullying in schools. Schools and parents should enhance their attention to the bullied and pay attention to the mental health education of the bullies to avoid bullying in schools at source.