自我同情对生活满意度的影响：未来时间洞察力和生命意义感的链式中介作用

The Effect of Self-Compassion on Life Satisfaction: The Chain-Mediating Role of Future Time Perspective and Meaning in Life

摘要: 目的：本研究为了响应积极心理学的号召，旨在检验新的自我观——自我同情和生活满意度之间的关系。通过建立未来时间洞察力、生命意义感在自我同情和生活满意度之间的链式中介模型进行研究。方法：本研究旨在探讨自我同情、未来时间洞察力、生活意义感与生活满意度之间的链式中介模型。774名参与者(288名男性和486名女性)完成了问卷调查。自我同情用自我同情量表进行测量，量表共有26个条目。受访者对他们同意这些观点的程度进行了评估。采用李克特5分制量表。未来时间洞察力量表由5个项目组成。受访者对自身符合的程度进行了评估，每个陈述都采用李克特5分制。生活意义感用生活意义量表评估，该量表由10个项目组成。受访者用李克特7分制对每个陈述的同意程度进行打分。生活满意度用生活满意度量表进行测量，该量表由5个项目组成。受访者用李克特(Likert) 6分制对每个陈述的同意程度进行打分。使用SPSS20.0和Process进行链式中介分析。采用偏差校正百分位Bootstrap方法重复采样5000次，考察未来时间洞察和生活意义感对自我同情和生活满意度的链式中介作用。结果表明：1) 自我同情正向预测生活满意度(β = 0.30, t = 8.56, p < 0.001)，95%的CI区间为[0.217, 0.367]；2) 未来时间视角在自我同情与生活满意度之间起部分中介作用(β = 0.44, t = 13.72, p < 0.001，95%的CI区间为[0.380, 0.506]; β = 0.30, t = 8.73, p < 0.001，95%的CI区间为[0.214, 0.386])；3) 生活意义在自我同情与生活满意度之间起部分中介作用(β = 0.27, t = 7.83, p < 0.001，95%的CI区间为[0.214, 0.386]; β = 0.27, t = 7.73, p < 0.001，95%的CI区间为[0.185, 0.354])；4) 在加入未来时间观和生活意义两个中介变量后，自我同情仍能正向预测生活满意度(β = 0.19, t = 5.12, p < 0.001，95%的CI区间为[0.108, 0.272])。结论：1) 自我同情正向预测生活满意度；2) 未来时间洞察力在自我同情和生活满意度之间起中介作用；3) 生命意义感在自我同情和生活满意度之间起中介作用；4) 未来时间洞察力、生命意义感在自我同情和生活满意度之间起链式中介作用。

Abstract: Objective: In response to the call of positive psychology, this study examines the relationship between a new self-concept called self-compassion and individuals’ life satisfaction. So we can provide some references about developing some personal positive traits like self-compassion and improving individuals’ life satisfaction level. This study constructed a chain mediation model between future time perspective and meaning in life to explore how self-compassion influenced life satisfaction. Methods: The present study aimed to explore the chain mediation model among self- compassion, future time perspective, meaning in life and life satisfaction. 774 participates (288 male and 486 female) were recruited completed questionnaires. Self-compassion was measured with the self-compassion scale which consists of 26 items. The respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. Future time perspective was measured with the future time perspective scale which consists of 5 items. The respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. Meaning in life was measured with the meaning in life scale which consists of 10 items. The respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 7-point Likert scale. Life satisfaction was measured with the life satisfaction scale which consists of 5 items. The respondents rated the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a 6-point Likert scale. The study uses SPSS20.0 and Process to conduct a chain mediation analysis. After repeated sampling 5000 times by the bias corrected percentile Bootstrap method, it was used to examine the chain mediation effects of future time insight and sense of meaning of life on self-compassion and life satisfaction. The results indicated that: 1) Self-compassion positively predicted life satisfaction (β = 0.30, t = 8.56, p < 0.001), 95% the CI interval of is [0.217, 0.367]; 2) Future time perspective played a partial mediating role between self-compassion and life satisfaction (β = 0.44, t = 13.72, p < 0.001, 95% the CI interval of is [0.380，0.506]; β = 0.30, t = 8.73, p < 0.001, 95% the CI interval of is [0.214, 0.386]); 3) Meaning in life played a partial mediating role between self-compassion and life satisfaction (β = 0.27, t = 7.83, p < 0.001, 95% the CI interval of is [0.214, 0.386]; β = 0.27, t = 7.73, p < 0.001, 95% the CI interval of is [0.185, 0.354]); 4) After adding the two mediating variables of future time perspective and meaning in life, self-compassion could still positively predict life satisfaction (β = 0.19, t = 5.12, p < 0.001, 95% CI interval was [0.108, 0.272]). Conclusion: 1) Self-compassion positively predicted life satisfaction; 2) Future time perspective mediated the effect of self-compassion on life satisfaction; 3) Meaning in life mediated the effect of self-compassion on life satisfaction; 4) Self-compassion not only directly affected life satisfaction but also affected life satisfaction through future time perspective and meaning in life.