膏盐岩类研究现状、分布特征及存在问题分析

Analysis of Research Status, Distribution Characteristics and Existing Problems of Salt Paste

摘要: 膏盐岩类在世界含油气盆地各地质历史时期广泛发育，与油气聚集有着密切关联。通过调研相关文献，膏盐岩类主要集中于北半球，其中以欧亚板块分布最多，我国膏盐岩主要分布在东、西部具有盐湖沉积背景的盆地，在中国西部海相沉积盆地中，四川盆地寒武系、下–中三叠统，塔里木盆地寒武系、石炭系，鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统马家沟组等地层中普遍发育。国内外形成多种成因解释，较为流行的膏盐岩成因假说主要有沙坝说、返流说、干缩深盆地说、沙漠说等。各种假说分别从不同角度为膏盐岩提供了成因解释，其中“潮上萨布哈”和“水下浓缩沉淀”是目前得到较多认可的两类浅表蒸发成盐的成因。膏盐岩在油气成藏中具有重要意义，蒸发岩–碳酸盐岩共生体系也是今后深层油气勘探的重点之一。

Abstract: The salts are widely developed in various geological periods of the world’s petroleum basins and are closely related to oil and gas accumulation. On the basis of relevant research literature, cream salt rocks are mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, most distribution with the Eurasian plate, and cream salt rocks are mainly distributed in the east and west of our country has a salt lake basin sedimentary background, in the Marine sedimentary basin in western China, Sichuan basin in the Cambrian and lower-Triassic, Cambrian and carboniferous, Tarim basin It is widely developed in Majiagou Formation of Lower Ordovician in Ordos Basin. There are a variety of origin explanations at home and abroad, and the more popular origin hypotheses of salt rock include sand bar theory, reflux theory, dry shrinking deep basin theory, desert theory, etc. Various hypotheses have provided genetic explanations for the salt from different perspectives, among which “supratidic Sabha” and “underwater concentrated precipitation” are the two causes of shallow evaporation into salt that have been widely accepted at present. Gypsum rock plays an important role in hydrocarbon accumulation, and the evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is also one of the key points of deep oil and gas exploration.