慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病机制的研究进展

Research Progress of the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

摘要: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，COPD，慢阻肺)是一种常见、可预防、可治疗的疾病，其特征在于持续的呼吸系统症状和气流受限，这是由于气道和/或肺泡异常所致，通常是由于长期暴露于有害颗粒或气体所引起。其特征是呼气气流受限不完全可逆、慢性炎症失调和肺气肿性破坏，可发展为肺心病和/或呼吸衰竭等严重疾病。慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是导致早期死亡率、高死亡率和卫生系统成本高昂的原因。预计在未来的几十年内，慢性阻塞性肺疾病的年均患病人数可能将持续增加，预计到2024年，患病人数可能将达到近5.3亿左右。随着呼吸医学技术的研究不断向前进步发展和临床经验的不断积累，人们对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病机制的研究越来越多，但有些发病机制尚未阐明，本文通过总结COPD的发病机制，为临床上更精准的治疗慢阻肺提供参考。

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and limited airflow, due to abnormal airway and/or alveoli, often caused by prolonged exposure to harmful particles or gases. It is characterized by incomplete reversible expiratory airflow limitation, dysregulated chronic inflammation, and pneumatomatous destruction, which can develop into severe diseases such as heart pulmonale and/or respiratory failure. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is responsible for early mortality, high mortality, and high health system costs. It is expected that the average annual number of COPD is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades, and it is expected to reach nearly 530 million by 2024. With the continuous progress of the research of respiratory medicine technology and the accumulation of clinical experience, more and more studies on the pathogenesis of COPD, but some of them have not been elucidated. By summarizing the pathogenesis of COPD, this paper provides a reference for more accurate clinical treatment of COPD.