儿童哮喘影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Asthma in Children

摘要: 随着感染性疾病的控制、自然环境的改变，非感染性疾病的发生率逐年升高，其中儿童哮喘已经成为世界范围内的主要公共卫生问题。哮喘是以各种呼吸道症状和气流受限为特征，是儿童和成人最常见的慢性非传染性疾病之一。而儿童哮喘不仅仅需要面临治疗与控制的问题，家庭护理及预防也至关重要。由于哮喘知识宣教及家庭护理指导作为哮喘长期管理必不可少的一部分，所以了解哮喘影响因素对于家庭护理及医疗救助显得尤为重要。相比于成人哮喘，儿童哮喘有一定的治愈率，规范治疗及预防更是可以达到良好控制、减少哮喘发作的作用，儿童哮喘的影响因素概括为两大方面：人为不可控因素和可控因素。

Abstract: With the control of infectious diseases and the change of natural environment, the incidence of non-infectious diseases is increasing year by year, among which asthma in children has become a major public health problem worldwide. Asthma, characterized by a variety of respiratory symp-toms and airflow limitation, is one of the most common chronic non-infectious diseases in children and adults. Children with asthma not only need to face the problem of treatment and control, family care and prevention are also very important, asthma knowledge education and family care guid-ance as an essential part of the long-term management of asthma. Understanding asthma risk fac-tors is important for home care and medical assistance. Compared with adult asthma, children’s asthma has a certain cure rate, and standardized treatment and prevention can achieve good con-trol and reduce asthma attacks. The influencing factors of children’s asthma can be summarized in-to two aspects: artificial uncontrollable factors and controllable factors.