西田几多郎与王阳明关于“我法二空”理解的异同

The Similarities and Differences between the Kitarō Nishida and Wang Yangming’s Understanding of “No World without Me”

摘要: 西田哲学深受阳明心学的影响，而佛学又是二者共同的理论来源。笔者从认识论立场出发，揭示出阳明心学与西田哲学的共同点，即“为心”而学而非“为学”而学的实践哲学特点；而二者的不同点在于西田哲学在认识活动中贯彻了“我法二空”的佛学立场，但是阳明心学却没有否认“我”之为认知主体的主体地位。最后通过西田哲学“统一力”和阳明心学“物我一体”的概念之对比，进一步论证虽然西田哲学与阳明心学在实在论上呈现出佛学和儒学思想的差异，但是深层来看，可以将西田哲学看作是从佛学出发对阳明心学的补充和发展。

Abstract: The philosophy of Westfield was deeply influenced by Yangming’s philosophy of mind, and Buddhism is the common theoretical source of both. From the standpoint of epistemology, the author reveals the common ground between Yangming’s philosophy of mind and Westfield’s philosophy, that is, the characteristics of practical philosophy of learning for mind’s sake rather than for learning’s sake The difference between the two is that Westfield philosophy carries out the Buddhist standpoint of “No world without me” in cognitive activities, but Yangming’s philosophy of mind does not deny the subjective status of “I” as the cognitive subject. Finally, by comparing the concept of “Unity” in Westfield philosophy with that of “The unity of things and themselves” in Yangming’s theory of mind, it is further argued that although Westfield philosophy and Yangming’s theory of mind present a difference in realism between Buddhist and Confucian thoughts, but in a deeper sense, we can regard Westfield’s philosophy as the