机器人甲状腺切除术的研究进展

Research Progress of Robotic Thyroidectomy

摘要: 随着微创技术的发展以及在甲癌中的广泛应用，手术方式也发生着日新月异的变化，包括各种甲状腺手术入路，目前最常用的机器人甲状腺手术有经双侧腋乳入路甲状腺机器人切除术(bilateral ax-illo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy, BABA-RT)、经口腔前庭入路甲状腺机器人切除术(transoral approach robotic thyroidectomy, TORT)、无气腋窝(单/双切口)入路甲状腺机器人切除术(transaxillary approach/robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy, TAA/RATT)、无气单侧腋窝入路/无气单侧腋乳入路甲状腺机器人切除术(gasless unilateral axillo-breast approach/gasless uni-lateral transaxillary approach, GUAB/GUA)、耳后入路甲状腺机器人切除术(retroauricular approach robotic thyroidectomy/robotic facelift thyroidectomy, RA-RT/RFT)等。随着临床医生对微创概念的理解、经验积累以及手术器械的改进，大多数临床医生更愿意尝试机器人手术。本文简要概述甲状腺手术的发展历程以及如今常用入路机器人甲状腺切除术的优势，有望在不久的将来成为治疗外科甲状腺疾病的主要治疗方式和手段。

Abstract: With the development of minimally invasive technology and its wide application in thyroid cancer, the surgical methods have also undergone rapid changes, including various thyroid surgery ap-proaches. Currently, the most commonly used robotic thyroid surgeries are the bilateral axillary breast approach (BABA-RT), transoral vestibular robotic thyroidectomy (TORT), airless axillary (single/double incision) robotic thyroidectomy (TAA/RATT), airless unilateral axillary ap-proach/Airless unilateral axillary breast approach robotic thyroidectomy (GUAB/GUA), retroauric-ular approach robotic thyroidectomy (RA-RT/RFT), etc. With clinicians’ understanding of minimally invasive concepts, accumulation of experience, and improvements in surgical instruments, most clinicians are more willing to try robotic surgery. This article briefly outlines the development of thyroid surgery and the advantages of robotic thyroidectomy, which is commonly used today, and is expected to become the main treatment modality and surgical segment for surgical thyroid diseas-es in the near future.