评注性副词“何苦”独用现象分析

An Analysis of the Monopoly of Commentary Adverb “He Ku”

摘要: 评注性副词“何苦”可以韵律独立，且不作动词或形容词谓语的修饰语而单独成句或作谓语。“何苦”独用时，在句法、语义上均存在一定的区别与联系，单独成句时，“何苦呢”会虚化为一个语用标记；作谓语时，语义会因自足实化，发生语义表达功能的偏移，产生语境的浮现义。从对言语法的角度重新审视副词“何苦”的独用，发现做单句和作谓语都是对话题的说明，这也能说明汉语是一种“话题–说明”型语言。

Abstract: Commentary adverb “He Ku” can be prosodically independent, and cannot be used as a modifier of verb or adjective predicate but as a sentence or predicate alone. When “He Ku” is used alone, there are certain differences and connections in syntax and semantics. When it is used alone, “He Ku” will become a pragmatic marker; When the predicate is used, the meaning will shift from the function of semantic expression due to the self-sufficiency materialization, resulting in the emergence of the meaning of the context. From the perspective of antithetical grammar, we re-examine the exclusive use of the adverb “He Ku”, and find that both single sentence and predicate are descriptions of topics, which also shows that Chinese is a “topic explanation” language.