基于GIS的洛阳市耕地质量评价研究

Study on Cultivated Land Quality Evaluation in Luoyang City Based on GIS

摘要: 耕地是国家宝贵的农业资源及生产要素，耕地质量的高低直接决定粮食产量，是关乎国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展的关键因素。评价耕地质量掌握分布特征，根据质量分级现状开展针对性提升措施，有利于促进农业布局优化，确保国家粮食安全。本文以河南省洛阳市为例，通过层次分析法构建洛阳市耕地质量评价体系，利用ArcGIS空间分析功能处理研究数据，利用累加法计算洛阳市耕地综合质量分并对洛阳市耕地质量进行等级划分。研究结果显示，洛阳市东部地区耕地质量高于西部和南部，质量较好的耕地主要分布在偃师区、孟津区、洛龙区、洛宁县、宜阳县以及汝阳县。依据洛阳市耕地质量空间分布特征，本文分析其形成原因，并提出加大配套设施建设力度、推行适宜的耕地利用方式、加大耕地保护力度三条建议，为洛阳市日后的耕地管理提供参考。

Abstract: A crucial component of both national food security and sustainable agricultural development, arable land is a valuable agricultural resource and production factor for the nation. Its quality directly affects food production. It is helpful to optimize agricultural layout and ensure national food security to assess the quality of arable land to understand the distribution features and implement targeted improvement actions in accordance with the existing status of quality grading. Using Luoyang City, Henan Province, as an example, this paper develops an evaluation system of the quality of arable land in Luoyang City through layer analysis, processes research data using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, calculate the comprehensive quality score of arable land in Luoyang City using the cumulative method, and categorizes the quality of arable land in Luoyang City. The study findings showed that the eastern portion of Luoyang City had superior agricultural quality than the western and southern areas of the city, and that the better cropland was primarily located in the districts of Yanshi, Mengjin, Luolong, Luoning, Yiyang, and Ruyang. This paper analyzes the causes of the spatial distribution characteristics of Luoyang City’s arable land quality and makes three recommendations to increase the construction of supporting facilities, implement suitable arable land utilization methods, and increase the protection of arable land. These recommendations will serve as a guide for future arable land management in Luoyang City.