贵州西北部冰雹的时空分布特征及其中尺度环境分析

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Mesoscale Environmental Analysis of Hail in Northwest Guizhou

摘要: 首先运用贵州西北部(毕节市) 2016~2020年的CIMISS和站点统计数据，分析其冰雹时空分布特征，再挑选冰雹个例进行中尺度环境分析，并根据其影响系统对其进行归类，最后根据雷暴追踪，统计出西北部冰雹初生对流的影响路径。研究表明：时间上，贵州西北部降雹主要发生在3~7月，其中3~5月最为集中，4月为高发期，最早2月开始，最晚9月结束，2016年最多，2019年最少；空间上，主要分布在赫章、毕节、织金、大方和金沙5县，大方县最多；类型最多为高空槽降雹型，最少为高架雷暴型；影响系统最多为高空槽，最少为冷空气；初生对流多在毕节中西部产生，大部分东移或东南移到其中东部后发展成为冰雹云开始产生降雹，其中毕节和大方形成的冰雹云多东移影响贵阳市中北部和遵义市南部，在赫章形成的冰雹云多经过织金并东移影响贵阳市中南部和安顺市北部。

Abstract: Firstly, the spatial and temporal distribution of hail in northwest Guizhou was analyzed using CIMISS data and site statistics data from 2016 to 2020, some hail cases were selected for mesoscale environmental analysis, and according to its influence system to carry on the type classification. Finally, we use radar data, the influence path of primary convection of hail in northwest China was calculated. Studies show: In terms of time, hail mainly occurred in the northwest of Guizhou from March to July, with the most concentrated from March to May. Hail occurred in April, starting in February at the earliest and ending in September at the latest, with the most in 2016 and the least in 2019; Spatially, they are mainly distributed in Hezhang, Bijie, Zhijin, Dafang and Jinsha counties, with Dafang Country being the most; The most frequent types are altitudes trough hail type, and the least is elevated thunderstorm type; The system is affected by upper trough at most and cold air at least; The primary convection was mostly generated in the central and western parts of Bijie, and most of it moved eastward or southeast to the eastern part of Bijie and Dafang, and then developed into hail clouds and began to produce hail. Among them, the hail clouds formed in Bijie and Dafang mostly moved eastward to the northern part of Guiyang and the southern part of Zunyi, and the hail clouds formed in Hezhang mostly passed Zhijin and moved eastward to the southern part of Guiyang and the northern part of Anshun.