论亚里士多德关于自制的思想——以《尼各马可伦理学》为中心

On Aristotle’s Ideas on Self-Control—Centered on the Nicomachean Ethics

摘要: 在《尼各马可伦理学》一书中，亚里士多德以实现最高的“善”，即过上幸福生活为最终目标和全书论述的核心，以德性为研究进路并区分了道德德性和理智德性两个层面，试图从这两个层面论述通向善的路径和方法。而自制作为人们在实践生活领域中合乎德性的活动，是走向善、实现幸福生活的必然活动。虽然，亚里士多德并没有直接给出自制的概念，而是通过自制与不能自制的对比、不能自制的疑难以及自制与节制的区别得出。在整个文本所围绕的走向“善”、实现幸福的主题当中，自制作为实现中道的途径，在认识上是与逻各斯一同发挥作用的。在实践中，自制是道德德性走向自身完满的实践通道。

Abstract: In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle takes the realization of the highest “good”, living a happy life, as the ultimate goal and the core of the whole book, and uses virtue as the research path and distinguishes between moral virtue and intellectual virtue, trying to discuss the path and method of goodness from these two aspects. Self-control, as a virtuous activity in the field of practical life, is an inevitable activity toward the good and the realization of a happy life. Although Aristotle does not give the concept of self-control directly, he derives it from the contrast between self-control and the inability to control oneself, the doubt of the inability to control oneself, and the difference between self-control and moderation. In the whole text, which revolves around the theme of moving toward the “good” and achieving happiness, self-control, as a way to achieve the middle way, plays a role in the understanding together with the Logos. In practice, self-control is the practical channel through which moral virtue comes to its own perfection.