湛江地区花生新品系综合性状调查及分析

Investigation and Analysis on Comprehensive Characters of New Peanut Varieties in Zhanjiang Area

摘要: 为筛选出适合湛江地区种植的高产、抗病、优质花生新品种，以湛油75为对照品种，对新选育出的10个花生新品系进行产量、品质和抗病(逆)性等性状鉴定。结果表明：莆花54的干荚果和籽仁产量分别为4872.44 kg/hm²和3518.43 kg/hm²，分列参试品系第二和第一位，但与对照种湛油75差异均不显著。田间花生叶斑病抗性弱，锈病抗性中等，抗旱性、抗涝性强和抗倒性强。汕油黑2号的干荚果和籽仁产量分别为4625.65 kg/hm²和3194.93 kg/hm²，均列参试品系第三位，干荚果产量和对照种差异不显著，而籽仁产量比对照种降低8.70%，差异显著。田间花生叶斑病和锈病抗性强，抗旱性、抗涝性强和抗倒性强。其他品种的干荚果和籽仁产量均显著低于对照种。综合产量、田间长势与抗病性看，莆花54和汕油黑2号相对较优。

Abstract: In order to screen out high-yield, disease-resistant and high-quality peanut varieties suitable for planting in Zhanjiang, the yield, quality and disease (stress) resistance of 10 newly bred peanut varieties were identified with Zhanyou 75 as the control. The results showed that the dry pod and kernel yields of Puhua 54 were 4872.44 kg/hm² and 3518.43 kg/hm², respectively, ranking second and first among the test strains, but there was no significant difference between Puhua 54 and Zhanyou 75. Puhua 54 has weak resistance to leaf spot, moderate resistance to rust, strong drought resistance, strong waterlogging resistance and strong lodging resistance. Shanyouhei 2’s dry pod and kernel yields are 4625.65 kg/hm² and 3194.93 kg/hm², respectively, ranking third among the test lines. There is no significant difference between the dry pod yield and the control species, but the kernel yield is 8.70% lower than that of the control species, with a significant difference. Shanyouhei 2’s has strong resistance to leaf spot and rust in the field, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and lodging resistance. The dry pod and kernel yields of other varieties were significantly lower than those of the control varieties. According to the comprehensive yield, field growth and disease resistance, Puhua 54 and Shanyouhei 2 are relatively superior.