小细胞肺癌外周血生物标记物的研究进展

Advances in Peripheral Blood Biomarkers of Small Cell Lung Cancer

摘要: 小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer, SCLC)是一种低分化且具有侵袭性的源于支气管粘膜或腺上皮内的神经内分泌肿瘤，其特点包括：生长迅速、侵袭性强、广泛转移、预后差且易复发。SCLC的临床治疗往往因疾病的侵袭性而复杂化，许多患者表现为胸内肿物和/或广泛转移的衰弱症状，且侵袭性强，预后较差，5年生存率 < 7%，所以很大一部分接受顺铂联合依托泊苷治疗的患者总是经历治疗失败和肿瘤复发。而靶向治疗及免疫治疗的问世使得一小部分患者从免疫治疗中获得了新的契机，所以寻找更加快速切且有效的诊断及预后生物标志物，提高肺癌患者生存率及生活质量、延长生存期。但目前尚缺乏对SCLC的诊断及预后有提示意义的简单易得、快速准确的实验室指标，本文将对SCLC患者外周血诊断及预后生物标志物的研究进展作一综述。

Abstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a poorly differentiated and invasive neuroendocrine tumor origi-nating from bronchial mucosa or glandular epithelium. It is characterized by rapid growth, strong invasivity, extensive metastasis, poor prognosis, and easy recurrence. The clinical treatment of SCLC is often complicated by the aggressiveness of the disease. Many patients present with debilitating symptoms of intrathoracic masses and/or extensive metastasis with strong aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and 5-year survival rate < 7%. Therefore, a large proportion of patients receiving cispla-tin combined with etoposide always experience treatment failure and tumor recurrence. However, the advent of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has provided a small number of patients with new opportunities from immunotherapy. Therefore, more rapid and effective diagnostic and prog-nostic biomarkers are sought to improve the survival rate and quality of life of lung cancer patients, and prolong the survival period. However, there is still a lack of simple, easy, rapid and accurate la-boratory indicators that have suggestive significance for the diagnosis and prognosis of SCLC. This paper will review the research progress of peripheral blood diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers of SCLC patients.