中学生心理韧性的静观心育干预随机对照研究

A Randomized Controlled Study on Improving Psychological Resilience of Middle School Students by Mindfulness-Based Mental Health Education

摘要: 目的：探讨静观心育提升中学生心理韧性的作用。方法：采用整群随机对照实验设计，抽取某中学高二年级四个班178名学生，随机分配为实验组和控制组，实验组90名学生进行10周静观心育干预，对照组88名学生不进行任何干预。应用青少年心理韧性量表和五因素静观量表对被试的心理韧性、特质静观进行前后测评估。结果：1) 与实验组前测和对照组前后测的结果比较，实验组的特质静观和心理韧性的后测得分显著提高(P < 0.01)。2) 特质静观与心理韧性呈显著正相关(P < 0.01)，特质静观可以正向预测心理韧性的变化(R2 = 0.445, P < 0.01)。结论：静观心育能够明显提高中学生的特质静观和心理韧性水平。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effectiveness of mindfulness-based mental health education on improving psychological resilience of middle school students. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled experiment design was adopted. A group of 178 students from four classes in senior two of a middle school were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. 90 students in the experimental group received 10-week mindfulness-based mental education, and 88 students in the control group did not receive any intervention. The Adolescent Resilience Scale and the Five Factor Mindfulness Scale were used to evaluate the resilience and trait mindfulness of the participants. Results: 1) Compared with the pretest outcomes of the experimental group and the pre- and post-test results of the control group, the posttest scores of trait mindfulness and resilience of the experimental group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). 2) There was a significant positive correlation between trait mindfulness and mental toughness (P < 0.01); trait mindfulness could positively predict the change of resilience (R2 = 0.445, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based mental health education can significantly improve the level of trait mindfulness and psychological resilience of middle school students.