汉语和乌撒彝语“比”字差比句对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Differential Comparison Sentences Containing the Word “Bi” in Chinese and Wusa Yi Language

摘要: 汉语和乌撒彝语中均存在由“比”字构成的差比句，但两者在诸多方面存在差异。研究认为，汉语“比”字差比句为语法性，但乌撒彝语“比”字差比句可分为词汇性和语法性，原因是汉语动词“比”已完全语法化为虚词性比较标记，而乌撒彝语动词“比”语法化程度相对较低。汉语语法性“比”字差比句与乌撒彝语语法性“比”字差比句的特征大多相似，但与乌撒彝语词汇性“比”字差比句存在显著差异，具体表现为词与词组合层次透景的不同和与等比结构关联程度的不同。

Abstract: There are differential comparison sentences composed of the word “Bi” in both Chinese and Wusa Yi language, but there are differences in many aspects between them. The study believes that the differential comparison sentences containing the word “Bi” of Chinese are grammatical, but the Wusa Yi language’s can be divided into lexical and grammatical. This is because the Chinese verb “Bi” has been completely grammaticalized into a virtual comparison mark, while the Wusa Yi verb “Bi” has a relatively low grammatical degree. The characteristics of grammatical differential comparison sentences in Chinese are mostly similar to Wusa Yi language’ grammatical differential comparison sentences, but are much different from lexical differential comparison sentences, which are specifically manifested by the differences in the combination tightness between words and in the degree of correlation with the equivalent structure.