我国随迁老人主观幸福感的横断历史元分析

Cross-Sectional Historical Meta-Analysis of the Subjective Happiness of the Migrant Elderly in China

摘要: 目的：纵向探讨近十年中国随迁老人主观幸福感随社会变迁的变化趋势，并横向分析宏观社会指标与其主观幸福感之间的关系，以期为随迁老人主观幸福感的干预调节提供决策依据。方法：结合横断历史研究的视角，采用元分析方法，在CNKI、万方、维普、优秀硕博士学位论文、Web of Science、Pubmed、ScienceDirect和ProQuest博硕士论文等数据库中进行文献检索，共纳入文献15篇(N = 4879)。结果：1) 2010至2021年间，我国随迁老人主观幸福感逐年上升。2) 随迁老人的个体层面因素，如年龄、健康状况、文化程度、月收入和既往职业；群体层面因素，如迁移特征、原住地、迁入情况和随迁时间对其主观幸福感均有显著影响(ps < 0.01)。3) 此外，微观环境因素，如与家人/孩子同住比例；中观环境因素，如社区所在城市级别；宏观社会指标，包括社会经济条件(老年抚养比、居民消费水平、居民人均可支配收入、个人现金卫生支出占卫生总费用比重、人均卫生费用、和老年人养老床位数)和社会联结(城镇人口比重)均可能是影响随迁老人主观幸福感的重要因素(ps < 0.01)。结论：本研究以社会变迁的时间维度为轴，结合微观(家庭)、中观(社区)和宏观(社会)环境因素提出了随迁老人主观幸福感影响机制的三维理论模型，为相关干预策略制定提供了理论和实证依据。

Abstract: Objectives: This paper longitudinally explores the changing trend of the subjective well-being of the migrant elderly in China with social changes in the past ten years, and analyzes the relationship between macro-social indicators and their subjective well-being horizontally, in order to provide a decision-making basis for the intervention and adjustment of the subjective well-being of the elderly who are relocated. Methods: Combined with the perspective of cross-sectional historical research, a meta-analysis method was used to conduct literature searches in databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Excellent Master’s and Doctoral Dissertations, Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and ProQuest. A total of 15 documents were included (N = 4879). Results: 1) From 2010 to 2021, the subjective well-being of migrant elderly in China increased year by year. 2) The individual level factors of the accompanying elderly, such as age, health status, education level, monthly income and previous occupation; group level factors, such as migration characteristics, original residence, migration situation and migration time, had significant effects on their subjective well-being (ps < 0.01). 3) In addition, micro-environmental factors, such as the proportion of living with family members/children; meso-environmental factors, such as the city level where the community is located; macro-social indicators, including socioeconomic conditions (old-age dependency ratio, residents’ consumption level, residents’ per capita disposable income, the proportion of personal cash health expenditures in total health expenditures, per capita health expenditures, and the number of old-age beds per thousand elderly population) and social connections (the average household size and the proportion of urban population) may be important factors affecting the subjective well-being of the elderly who migrate with them (ps < 0.01). Conclusions: Taking the time dimension of social change as the axis, combined with micro (family), meso (community) and macro (social) environmental factors, this study puts forward a three-dimensional theoretical model of the influence mechanism of subjective well-being of migrant elderly, which provides a theoretical and empirical basis for the formulation of relevant intervention strategies.