一种无人机起降与回收平台的设计

The Design of a UAV Take-Off, Landing and Recovery Platform

摘要: 随着无人机的飞速发展，无人机的出勤和补给变得越来越智能。但是，现有的无人机运输平台仅限于为无人机提供起飞和降落功能，以实现简单的无人机存储，并且其中大多数都需要在起飞和降落期间手动控制。由于用户的处理技巧，有时会发生碰撞或失控，这对无人机的飞行安全构成了很大的隐患，尤其是在某些情况下，因为用户技术还不够好，飞机不能完成起飞或降落的动作。当无人机完成其任务时，由于其航程远，任务时间长和续航力有限，通常无法回舱。地面机械操控手必须远程控制无人机，但是风险很高，并且容易造成损失。为解决以上可能出现问题，并结合起降与回收平台的任务特点，对平台的传动机构，防护壳体，引导机构，充电装置，升降平台等机械结构利用Solid Works进行3D建模设计，在设计时根据实际情况自行设定无人机尺寸和重量范围，并以此参数进行计算和选型。为了使智能机库按照预定程序顺利实现操作，对伺服电机，驱动模块等硬件也进行具体的选择。通过综合设计实现无人机在起降平台的精准降落及自动充电，有效解决无人机续航时间短、需人工现场操作等应用问题，极大提升了无人机应用能力的上限。

Abstract: With the rapid development of UAV, the attendance and supply of UAV are becoming more and more intelligent. However, the existing UAV carrying platform is limited to providing the UAV with the function of taking off and landing, so as to realize the simple storage of UAV, and the UAV needs human control in the process of taking off and landing. Due to the user’s control skills, sometimes there is a collision or loss of control, which causes great hidden trouble to the UAV flight safety, es-pecially in some cases, the UAV cannot take off or land due to the user’s poor technology. When the UAV completes its mission, it is often unable to return due to its long distance, long mission time and limited endurance. Therefore, it is necessary for the ground operator to remotely control the UAV to descend nearby, but the risk is high and it is easy to cause losses. In order to solve the above possible problems, combined with the task characteristics of the landing and recovery platform, Solid Works was used to conduct 3D modeling design of the platform’s transmission mechanism, protective housing, guiding mechanism, charging device, lifting platform and other mechanical structures. During the design, the size and weight range of the UAV were set according to the actual situation, and the parameters were calculated and selected. In order to make the intelligent hangar operate smoothly according to the predetermined program, the hardware such as servo motor and drive module are selected. Through comprehensive design, accurate landing and automatic charg-ing of UAV on takeoff and landing platform can be realized, which effectively solves the application problems of UAV such as short flight duration and manual on-site operation, and greatly improves the upper limit of UAV application capability.