2017~2021年延安市肺结核报告发病情况分析

Analysis of 2017~2021 Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

摘要: 目的：运用描述性流行病学方法，对2017~2021年延安市结核病例的发病情况与一般性流行病学特征进行分析，全面反映延安地区的综合管理水平，为采取相应对策，提高结核病控制工作的质量提供依据。方法：利用《传染病报告信息管理系统》的统计报表模块收集肺结核数据信息，运用描述性统计对数据进行整理分析。结果：2017~2021年延安市报告肺结核病例1915例，发病率由2017年的17.6/10万上升到2018年的21.3/10万，又下降到2021年的12.8/10万，发病率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.0001)，5年间共报告例病原学阳性患者1033例(占53.94%)。报告病例中男性(1158例)是女性(757例)的1.53倍，报告病例主要集中在20~29岁年龄组(25.2%)和60~69岁人群，职业分布以农民、学生、工人为主，占报告病例的90.5%。于延安市第二人民医院就诊的肺结核患者中，宝塔区的患者占比最多，为43.7%，安塞区、延长县及子长县次之，分别占比为9.3%、8.7%、6.5%。结论：2017~2021年延安市肺结核发病率呈下降趋势，但是结核病的流行仍然严重，应进一步重视结核病防治工作。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the incidence and general epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis cas-es in the 2021 from 2017 to 2021 by descriptive epidemiological methods, and to reflect the com-prehensive management level in the Yan’an area, to provide basis for adopting corresponding countermeasures and improving the quality of tuberculosis control. Methods: The data of pulmo-nary tuberculosis were collected by the statistical report module of infectious disease reporting in-formation management system, and the descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: From 2017 to 2021, 1915 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported. The incidence increased from 17.6 per 100,000 in 2017 to 21.3 per 100,000 in 2018, and then decreased to 12.8 per 100,000 in 2021, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). A total of 1033 cases (53.94%) were positive for pathogens in the past 5 years. The male (1158 cases) was 1.53 times more than the female (757 cases). The cases were mainly concentrated in the age group of 20~29 years (25.2%) and the crowd of 60~69 years old. The occupation distribution was mainly farmers, students and workers, 90.5% of the reported cases. Baota District had the highest propor-tion of TB patients in Yan’an Second people’s Hospital (43.7%), followed by Ansai District (9.3%), Yanchang County (8.7%) and Zichang County (6.5%). Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis is decreasing from 2017 to 2021, but the prevalence of tuberculosis is still serious. More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.