外泌体源微小RNA与子痫前期发病机制研究新进展

Recent Advances in Exosomal MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Pre-Eclampsia

摘要: 子痫前期(Pre-Eclampsia, PE)是一种发生于妊娠20周后的妊娠特异性疾病，伴随着高血压、蛋白尿或其他脏器功能损害，属于妊娠期高血压疾病的一种。其发病率和死亡率较高，严重影响母婴健康。目前有关的发病机制学说有“两阶段学说、炎症免疫学说、遗传学说”等，但发病机制尚未完全阐明。通过阅读临床文献，发现外泌体以其自身独特的结构及功能优势受到学者们的青睐，研究有关他们的分泌、组成、功能及精确分子机制已蔚然成风。其中，对于PE发病机制与相关外泌体源微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)的研究亦日益增多，因此本文对外泌体源miRNA与PE相关机制的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder occurring after 20 weeks of gestation, accompa-nied by hypertension, proteinuria or other organ dysfunction. It is a kind of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. It has high morbidity and mortality rates and seriously affects maternal and in-fant health. However, the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. At present, the pathogenesis theories of PE include “two-stage theory”, “inflammatory immune theory” and “genetic theory”. In recent years, exosomes have been favored by scholars for their unique structural and functional advantages, and the study of their secretion, composition, function and precise molecular mecha-nism has become a trend. Among them, studies on the pathogenesis of PE and related exo-some-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are also increasing. Exosome-derived miRNAs regulate the function of target genes through the principle of base complementary matching and participate in various processes of the pathophysiology of PE. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the mechanisms related to exosome-derived miRNA and PE.