在线诉讼中电子送达生效标准辨明

On the Effective Standard of Electronic Service in Online Litigation

摘要: 从现行的线上诉讼电子送达规范看，电子送达相较传统电子送达的新发展可以分为诉前约定送达与事中主动提供电子送达地址、不可推翻的视为送达、可推翻的推定送达。根据功能等价原理，这几类电子送达新模式只是在具体规则上有所调整，并未背离传统电子送达和送达体系的内在机理，都达到了传统书面法律交往的价值功能，具备程序正当性。然而，这些新发展又带来了诉前约定的法律效力模糊、异议权保障、收悉主义标准不明、具体送达日期不明等问题，对此提出有限度的收悉标准、以刚性的程序保障受送达人的异议权、建立及时回复收悉制度等对策应对线上诉讼电子送达的困境，以期促进电子送达的高效便民、服务诉讼实践功能的实现。

Abstract: From the perspective of the current online litigation electronic service standard, compared with the traditional electronic service, the new development of electronic service can be divided into pre litigation agreed service and active electronic service address in the matter, irrefutable deemed service and irrefutable presumed service. According to the principle of functional equi-valence, these new modes of electronic service are only adjusted in specific rules, and do not de-viate from the inherent mechanism of traditional electronic service and service system. They all achieve the value function of traditional written legal communication and have procedural legitimacy. However, these new developments have brought about problems such as vague legal effect of the pre litigation agreement, protection of the right to dissent, unclear standards of the receipt doctrine, and unclear specific date of service. To this end, we propose a limited standard of receipt, a rigid procedure to protect the right to dissent of the addressee, and a timely response system to address the dilemma of online litigation electronic service, with a view to promoting efficient and convenient electronic service and the realization of the practical function of service litigation.