不同途径应用地塞米松在周围神经阻滞中的研究进展

Research Progress of Dexamethasone in Peripheral Nerve Block by Different Approaches

摘要: 周围神经阻滞是一种常见的局部麻醉方法，但常规单次神经阻滞作用时间短，为延长镇痛时间临床中常加入佐剂如肾上腺素、碳酸氢盐、皮质类固醇、α-2激动剂以及阿片类制剂等可延长其药效持续时间。其中地塞米松具有廉价，疗效明确，防止术后恶心呕吐等优点作为局部麻药辅药在临床使用中逐步得以广泛应用。但是，目前地塞米松在周围神经阻滞中只有静脉和神经周两个给药路径，具体给药路径的选择和使用剂量没有定义。现将各种路径使用地塞米松和各种剂量使用地塞米松在周围神经阻滞中的最新进展加以汇总，为临床提供借鉴。

Abstract: Peripheral nerve block is a common method of local anesthesia, but the action time of routine single nerve block is short. Adjuvants such as adrenaline, bicarbonate, corticosteroids α-2 Agonists and opioids can prolong the duration of their effects. Among them, dexamethasone has the advantages of low cost, clear efficacy, and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and has gradually been widely used as a local anesthetic adjuvant in clinical use. However, at present, there are only two routes of dexamethasone administration in peripheral nerve block: vein and perinerve, and the specific route selection and dosage are not defined. The latest progress in peripheral nerve block using dexamethasone in various routes and in various doses is summarized to provide reference for clinical use.