区域气候模式中不同陆面过程对中国地区地表平衡模拟能力的检验

Testing the Simulation Ability of Land Surface Balance in China by Different Land Surface Processes in Regional Climate Models

摘要: WRF模式能较准确地模拟中国地区区域地面气候，但模式中不同陆面过程模块的选择会影响模式模拟性能，比较而言，CLM使得地面气候场偏冷偏干；WRF能较准确地再现观测的地表能量通量的空间分布；与观测比较，所有陆面过程模块都存在高估。WRF模式能较准确地模拟典型气候区地表能量平衡的季节变化；能量收支是决定区域气候的重要因子。如RUC模块模拟的地面温度偏高、湿度偏大，蒸发强烈，表层土壤湿度的损失偏多，这导致整层大气衰减大，到达地表短波辐射偏少而长波辐射偏多，净辐射偏多。地表能量分配中的潜热、感热增加多。较多的地表向上能量可能加剧局地对流，导致降水偏多和地面温度增高。陆面过程模块模拟地表能量平衡的性能取决于模块的地表物理参数(如地表反照率、土壤热容量、土壤水热传导率等)、对冰雪过程的刻画等。

Abstract: WRF model can simulate accurately the China regional climate on the ground, but the pattern of different land surface process module choice will influence the reliability of model simulation. comparatively, CLM makes ground field partial slant cold dry climate; WRF can accurately reproduce the spatial distribution of the observation of surface energy flux; Compared with observation, all the land surface process module are overvalued. WRF model can accurately simulate the typical climate area of seasonal change of the surface energy balance; The energy balance of payments is a decisive factor of regional climate. As the RUC module to simulate high ground temperature and humidity is big, the strong evaporation, surface soil moisture loss, which leads to the whole layer of atmosphere attenuation, less to the surface shortwave radiation and long wave radiation, net radiation bullish. Surface energy distribution of latent heat and sensible heat increase more. More surface energy may exacerbate up local convection, lead to precipitation and the more the ground temperature increased. Land surface process module to simulate the surface energy balance depends on the performance of the surface physical parameter of the module (e.g., surface albedo, the soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity of soil water, etc.), the depiction of the process of snow and ice, and so on.