近二十年对外汉语声调实验研究回望

Review of the Experimental Research on Tones in Chinese as a Foreign Language in the Past Two Decades

摘要: 文章从声学研究与感知研究的视角切入，对近二十年(2000~2022)对外汉语领域声调实验研究成就展开梳理，发现：1) 在研究问题上，当前针对留学生声调问题开展的声学产出实验研究已较为丰富，但对于三字组及四字组等语流中语料的研究尚不充分。另外，较之声学实验，感知实验亦取得了长足发展，但研究视角仍尚显单一，对于语流中声调范畴感知能力的探讨很少，且以往研究局限于孤立地研究声学产出实验或感知实验，二者的分离将不利于对留学生语音全貌的考察，应成为未来关注讨论的重点；2) 在研究方法上，呈现出模式化倾向，主要表现为采用实验语音学的方法，借助Ptaat或Mini-Speech-Lab软件提取基频数据，构建实验语图，从调值、调型、调域等层面对留学生声调进行共时或历时性偏误探析；3) 在研究理论上，侧重依托偏误分析理论、中介语理论、声调格局等理论开展声调研究，应进一步寻求实验语言学或教育学等其他学科的理论支持。

Abstract: From the perspective of acoustic research and perception research, the article sorts out the re-search achievements of tonal experiments in the field of Chinese as a foreign language in the past two decades (2000~2022), and finds that: 1) In terms of research issues, the current experimental research on the acoustic output of foreign students’ tones has been relatively rich, but the research on the corpus in the three-character group and the four-character group is still insufficient. In addition, compared with acoustic experiments, perceptual experiments have also made great progress, but the research perspective is still single. There are few discussions on the perceptual ability of tonal categories in speech flow, and previous research is limited to studying acoustic output experiments or perception in isolation. In the experiment, the separation of the two will be detrimental to the inspection of the overall voice of international students, and should be the focus of future discussions; 2) In terms of research methods, there is a tendency to model, mainly using the method of experimental phonetics, with the help of Ptaat or Ptaat. The Mini-Speech-Lab software extracts the fundamental frequency data, constructs the experimental language map, and analyzes the synchronic or diachronic errors of the international students’ tones from the aspects of tone value, tone type, tone range, etc. To carry out tonal research on theories such as misanalysis theory, interlanguage theory, and tone pattern, further theoretical support from other disciplines such as experimental linguistics or pedagogy should be sought.