孔子“仁”的思想微探

A Probe into Confucius “Benevolence” Thought

摘要: 孔子乃儒家之开创者，“仁”为孔子哲学思想之核，研究孔子“仁”的思想是通达儒学精髓的必由之路。研究“仁”可从“仁”之内涵与为“仁”之方来开展。“仁”之内涵包括：内圣之“仁”；外王之“仁”以及更高境界的天地之“仁”。为“仁”之方则由“孝悌”爱人、“忠恕”而行以及外束于“礼”来实现。且孔子“仁”具有内发性、实践性、整体性、超越性等特征。今天随着时代的变迁，孔子“仁”的思想亦发生着相应的改变，然在伦理、政治和社会方面仍具有巨大的价值，故研究与传承孔子“仁”的思想毋容置疑。

Abstract: Confucius is the founder of Confucianism, and “benevolence” is the core of Confucius “philosophical” thought. Studying Confucius “benevolence” is the only way to understand the essence of Confucianism. The study of “benevolence” can be carried out from the connotation of “benevolence” and the prescription of “benevolence”. The connotation of “benevolence” includes: the “benevolence” of inner saint; the “benevolence” of the outer king and the “benevolence” of the higher realm. The prescription for “benevolence” is realized by benevolent love, loyalty and forgiveness, and external restraint on “ritual”. And Confucius “benevolence” is endogenous, practical and transcendent. Today, with the changes of the times, the thought of Confucius “benevolence” has also changed accordingly. However, it still has great value in ethics, politics and society. Therefore, it is beyond doubt to study and inherit the thought of Confucius’ benevolence.