刍议受家暴女性诉讼离婚的困境及解决思路

Domestic Violence Female Victims’ Dilemma Regarding Divorce Litigation and Solution Ideas

摘要: 当代中国法律拓展了妇女在家庭纠纷中的选择权限，增强了妇女的主体意识，但这并不意味着妇女在离婚诉讼中已然获得实质平等的地位。受家暴女性的证明困境依然存在，审判实践中的反家暴理念亦存在缺失。应进一步厘清“儿童利益最大”和“离婚自由”原则的平衡关系；探索离婚诉讼下的“感情确已破裂”标准多元化证明体系；明确家暴的认定标准，调整举证责任分配；健全法官保全机制，破除“稳妥起见”的思维定势；让家暴认定真正独立成为离婚诉讼中的一个重要参考因素；该判离时就判离，力求破除“首次不判离”隐规则。以更好地回应受家暴女性的诉求，实现法律对反家暴的规制与社会效果。

Abstract: Contemporary Chinese law has expanded women’s options in family disputes and increased women’s sense of subjectivity, but this does not mean that women have been granted substantive equality in divorce proceedings. The dilemma of proving that a woman is a victim of domestic violence still exists, and there is a lack of anti-domestic violence concepts in trial practice. The balance between the principle of “the best interests of the child” and the principle of “freedom of divorce” should be further clarified; explore the standard diversified proof system of “the relationship is indeed broken” under divorce proceedings; clarify the identification criteria of domestic violence and adjust the distribution of the burden of proof; the judge should improve the preservation mechanism and break the “to be on the safe side” mindset; make the determination of domestic violence an important reference factor in divorce proceedings; and award a divorce when it is due and try to break the hidden rule of “no divorce for the first time”, in order to better respond to the demands of women who have been subjected to domestic violence, and to achieve the regulatory and social effects of the law against domestic violence.