峒河国家湿地公园鱼类资源调查及区系分析

Investigation and Faunal Analysis of Pisce Resources in Donghe National Wetland Park

摘要: 鱼类是水域生态系统和湿地生物多样性的重要组成部分，具有重要的研究与保护价值。近年，项目组综合采用多种方法对峒河国家湿地公园(湖南吉首)的鱼类资源进行调查，结果表明：园区水域内现有鱼纲动物7目16科44属50种，以鲤科(26种，占52%)为优势科。其中，有15种(30%)为中国特有物种，40种(80%)被列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》(2种濒危、2种近危)，4种(8%)被列入《湖南省地方重点保护野生动物名录》。依据中国淡水鱼类分布区划，区系成分以华东区–华南区占主导地位(38%)，但具有南北混杂、东西过渡，其他区均有代表性种类的分布特征。就生态型而言，以山溪流水性、杂食性和底栖性占优势。虽然本次调查新记录了20个物种，但园区内的鱼类资源总量有所下降。因此，应进一步加强基础研究、资源管理和物种保护力度，以促进渔业资源的可持续利用，同时建议将吉首光唇鱼和红盲高原鳅列为国家一级重点保护动物名录。

Abstract: Fish is a key component of the aquatic ecosystem and wetland biodiversity with crucial research and conservation significance. In recent years, the Pisce in the Donghe National Wetland Park (Jishou, Hunan Province) was investigated by various methods, and the results indicated that there lived 50 species of fish belonging to 44 genera in 16 families of 7 orders in the waters of the park. The Cyprinidae with 26 species (accounting for 52%) was the dominant family. Among all these species, there were 15 endemic ones (30%) to China, 40 ones (80%) enlisted in the “Red List of Chinese Vertebrates” (2 endangered, 2 near threatened) and 4 ones (8%) have been listed in “List of Local Key Protected Wild Animals of Hunan Province”. Based on the Distribution Regionalization of freshwater fish in China, the Ichthyofauna of East & South China was dominant (38%), but it was a faunal mixture of North and South China, a transition between East and West China, and the distribution of representative species in other regions. The dominant ecological types of fish in the park are Mountain Stream Water, Omnivorous and Benthic ones. There had been an actual overall decline in the abundance of fish in spite of 20 newly recorded species in this survey. Therefore, the administrative departments should strengthen related basic research, management strategies and conservation practices to promote fishery resource sustainable use. Meanwhile, it was suggested that Acrossocheilus jishouensis and Triplophysa erythraea should be listed as first-class national key protected animals.