典型湖泊抗生素污染特征与生态风险分析

Characteristics and Ecological Risk Analysis of Antibiotic Pollution in Typical Lake

摘要: 针对中国典型湖泊环境抗生素污染严重问题，本文概述了湖泊环境中主要抗生素的种类、来源及危害。比较分析了抗生素的生态环境风险，阐述抗生素引起的环境破坏。目前，在地表水体中，常见的抗生素为磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、罗红霉素(RTM)、环丙沙星(CFX)和四环素(TC)等，其主要来源于养殖废水、医疗废水及人类和动物的排泄物。抗生素污染不仅会对土壤或者水体造成影响还会对水体中特定生物体的生存造成威胁。抗生素及其代谢产物会使湖泊环境中原有的致病细菌产生耐药性，耐药病原菌不断增多和变异会破坏原有的水体微生物群落影响水生植物性能，改变湖泊土壤环境微生物的群落。对微生物、植物、动物和人类构成潜在威胁，破坏原有环境的生态平衡。本文旨在为今后抗生素污染的治理提供一定的参考依据。

Abstract: In response to the serious problem of antibiotic pollution in typical lake environments in China, this paper provides an overview of the main types, sources and hazards of antibiotics in lake en-vironments. The ecological and environmental risks of antibiotics are comparatively analyzed, and the environmental damage caused by antibiotics is elaborated. Currently, the common antibiotics in surface water bodies are sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfadi-methoxine (SMZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), roxithromycin (RTM), ciprofloxacin (CFX) and tetracycline (TC), which mainly originate from farming wastewater, medical wastewater and human and animal excreta. Antibiotic contamination not only affects soil or water bodies but also poses a threat to the survival of specific organisms in the water body. Antibiotics and their metabolites can make the original pathogenic bacteria in the lake environment become resistant, and the increasing number and mutation of drug-resistant pathogens will destroy the original water microbial community, affect the performance of aquatic plants, and change the microbial community of the lake soil environment. It poses a potential threat to microorganisms, plants, animals and humans, and destroys the ecological balance of the original environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide some reference basis for the future management of antibiotic pollution.