宗教疗愈实践的仪式过程与心理机制——以鲁西南地区民间信仰的信众为例

Ritual Processes and Mental Mechanisms of Religious Healing Practice—Taking Folk Belief Followers in Southwest Shandong as an Example

摘要: 民间信仰中，宗教疗愈作为一种治疗性方式，在社会中产生了广泛的影响。对鲁西南香火会进行实地调研时，发现部分信众参加香火会具有疗愈诉求或在疗愈效果显著后进一步参加。本研究从心理学角度，对鲁西南民间信仰信众生活情况及生命故事进行挖掘，分析宗教疗愈被接受的原因、疗愈机制及现实意义。本研究采用半结构访谈法，对10名具有代表性的民间信仰信众进行研究，了解其信仰状况、发展历程和苦难疗愈史。研究发现，信众受到成长环境、个体的认知失调、精神治疗的性价比以及外部信息的说服等影响，从而寻求甚至接受宗教疗愈。疗愈机制通过群体性活动、巴纳姆效应和催眠暗示效果发挥作用，使信众产生特殊体验，从而更加坚定其信仰。宗教疗愈一方面具有心理慰藉效果，平衡心理状态，促进个体与集体的稳定和发展并且能构建价值观念与地方语言。但另一方面，其所呈现的迷信思想与方式，又具有消极阻碍意义。对宗教疗愈仍需要辩证看待，理解现实价值，更好与社会发展相适应。

Abstract: In folk belief, religious healing, as a kind of therapy, has exerted a wide influence on society. During the field investigation of the Incense club in southwest Shandong, it is found that some believers have healing demands or further participate in the incense club after the healing effect is remarkable. From the perspective of psychology, this study explores the living conditions and life stories of the folk believers in southwest Shandong, and analyzes the reasons for religious healing acceptance, healing mechanism and practical significance. In this study, 10 representative folk faith believers were studied by semi-structured interview method to understand their faith status, development history and suffering healing history. It is found that believers are influenced by the environment they grew up in, the cognitive dissonance of individuals, the cost performance of spiritual treatment and the persuasion of external information, so as to seek and even accept religious healing. The healing mechanism works through group activities, the Barnum effect and the hypnotic suggestion effect to make the believers have a special experience and thus strengthen their faith. On the one hand, religious healing has the effect of psychological comfort, balancing psychological state, promoting individual and collective stability and development, and constructing values and local language. But on the other hand, the superstitious thoughts and ways presented by it have negative hindrance significance. Religious healing still needs to be treated dialectically, understand the practical value, and better adapt to social development.