汉语句法对韵律影响的实验研究

Experimental Research on the Influence of Chinese Grammar on Prosodic

摘要: 节律音系学通过节律树来分析韵律结构，韵律树中的每一个节点会向下支配一个二分结构，即强弱交替的结构。但单靠节律树，并不能表现强弱音节的节奏特性、说明邻近成分存在相互抵触等现象，后来研究者又提出了节律栅(metrical grid)的表征方法。节律栅虽然能解释重音，却不能解释韵律与句法交互中的时长，即停顿和延长。已有实验证明汉语的语调可能会借用时长作为手段，以实现自身的语调效果。故本研究希望借助节律音系学的研究方法，辅以实验的手段，对汉语韵律与句法交互中出现的停顿和延长等时长相关的现象进行解释。

Abstract: Metrical phonology analyzes the prosodic structure through the metric tree. Each node in the metric tree controls a dichotomy structure of an accented node and an unaccented node. Metric tree alone can neither pattern the prosodic feature of accented-unaccented syllabic structure, nor explain the competing conditions of prosodic stress between the neighbor syllables. Therefore, latter scholars promoted metrical grid to represent prosodic structures. Although rhythmic grating can explain stress, it cannot explain the duration of prosodic and syntactic interaction such as pause and extension. Experiments have proved that Chinese intonation may use duration as a means to realize the intonation goals. Therefore, the present study hopes to explain the phenomenon of pause and lengthening in the interaction between Chinese prosody and syntax by adopting an experimental phonology method.