注意范围对基于言语工作记忆内容的注意捕获的影响

The Effect of Attention Scope on the Attention Capture Based on the Content of Verbal Working Memory

摘要: 使用工作记忆–视觉搜索双任务范式，探究注意范围对基于言语工作记忆内容的注意捕获的影响。结果显示：1) 被试在大注意范围条件下对目标刺激的搜索正确率显著低于小注意范围条件，其搜索反应时也显著更长。2) 与控制条件相比，被试在知觉匹配条件下的搜索正确率明显更低，反应时更长，在语义条件下的搜索正确率明显更高，反应时更短。3) 注意范围和匹配条件在反应时指标上的交互作用显著。简单效应检验结果发现：以匹配条件为参照，在控制条件和语义条件下，大范围条件下的搜索反应时明显长于小范围条件；在知觉条件下，大、小范围条件下的反应时差异不显著。这表明，注意范围的大小对注意捕获产生了显著影响。同时也证实了言语工作记忆在知觉表征下的注意捕获现象，而与言语工作记忆内容在语义水平上匹配的刺激则由于受到严格的认知控制影响，产生注意抑制效应而不能捕获注意。

Abstract: Using the dual-task paradigm of working memory-visual search, the influence of attention scope on attention capture of verbal working memory was investigated. The results show that, firstly, under the condition of large attention range, the search accuracy of the target stimulus was significantly lower than that of the small attention range condition, and the search response time was obviously longer. Secondly, compared with the control condition, the subject’s search accuracy was distinctly lower and the response time was longer under the perceptual matching condition, while both of them are completely different under the semantic condition. Thirdly, the interaction between attention range and matching condition is significant in the reaction time index. The results of the simple effect test show that, taking the matching condition as the reference, the search response time in the large range condition is significantly longer than that in the small range condition under the control condition and the semantic condition. In the perceptual condition, there was no significant difference in response time between the large and small range conditions. As a result, the study has not only shown that size of attention range arises manifest effects on attention capture, but also has confirmed the phenomenon of attention capture in verbal working memory under perceptual representation. However, the stimulus matching with the content of verbal working memory on the semantic level fails to capture attention but produce inhibiting effect due to the influence of both cognitive control level of motivation and the accuracy of object representation.