竞争法视域下群控数据竞争行为正当性的探索

Research on the Justification of Group Control Data Competition Behavior from the Perspective of Competition Law

摘要: 互联网经济下数据与经济的融合催生了数据产业新业态，数据竞争问题也日益突出，新型竞争行为正当性认定标准也是不可逃避的任务。最高院2021年公布的指导案例“微信群控不正当竞争案”对数据竞争正当性的认定提供了可供借鉴的见解，促进了互联网时代下《不正当竞争法》的法益结构和竞争观念的转型。但我国作为成文法国家，司法裁判起到的指导作用有限。故应在司法观念上以转换法益观念和动态竞争观为指引，在立法上丰满数据竞争正当性的综合考量因素，在司法应用上引入具体的比例原则为分析竞争行为正当性的工具，整体优化竞争法视域下的数据竞争治理规范。

Abstract: The integration of data and economy in the Internet economy has led to the emergence of new forms of data industry, and the problem of data competition has become increasingly prominent. It is also an unavoidable task to identify the legitimacy of new competitive behaviors. The guiding case “WeChat Group Control of Unfair Competition Case” released by the Supreme Court in 2021 provides useful insights for the determination of the legitimacy of data competition, and promotes the trans-formation of the legal interest structure and competition concept of the Unfair Competition Law in the Internet era. However, as a country of written law, judicial adjudication plays a limited guiding role. Therefore, we should take the conversion of the concept of legal interests and the dynamic concept of competition as the guide in the judicial concept, enrich the comprehensive consideration of the legitimacy of data competition in the legislation, introduce the specific principle of propor-tionality in the judicial application as a tool to analyze the legitimacy of competition behavior, and optimize the data competition governance norms in the perspective of competition law as a whole.