户籍对中职毕业生教育回报的影响

The Effect of Household Registration on the Educational Return of Secondary Vocational School Graduates

摘要: 本文探讨了户籍与中等教育模式选择对劳动者收入水平及就业能力的影响。基于CLDS 2016数据，本文建立明瑟方程和Probit模型，对总样本以及农村、中职教育分样本进行了回归，并考察了职业证书的调节作用。结果表明中职与普高教育对劳动者收入的影响没有显著区别，但城市户籍劳动者的收入水平高于农村户籍劳动者。对于中职毕业生，农村户籍对收入呈现负向影响，尤其对农村女性的影响更严重。在就业机会上，农村户籍的中职毕业生也处于劣势地位。获取职业证书对农村户籍劳动者的收入提升有明显的正向作用，拥有普通高中文凭且拥有职业证书的劳动者的收入水平更高。因此普及高中教育，完善职业证书的相关制度，在缩小城乡差距、改善农村户籍劳动者的收入上具有相当重要的作用。

Abstract: Based on the data from China Labor Dynamics Survey (CLDS) conducted by Sun Yat-sen University in 2016, this study applies Mincer’s equation and Probit model to estimate the effects of household registration and secondary education mode (secondary vocational education or ordinary high school) selection on the income level and employability of workers. In addition to regression with the full sample, we further conduct comparative analysis by separating data into different sub-samples according to household registration and education mode. The moderating effect of vocational certificates is also investigated. The results show that there is no significant difference in income between secondary vocational education and general higher school education, but the income level of urban workers is higher than that of rural ones. For secondary vocational school graduates, rural household registration has a negative impact on income, especially for women. In terms of employment opportunities, rural vocational graduates are also at a disadvantage. The vocational certificate has an obvious positive effect on the income of rural registered workers. The income level of workers with general high school diploma and vocational certificates is higher. There-fore, promoting senior high school education and improving the system of vocational certificates would play an important role in narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and improving the income of rural registered workers.