乘客电梯块式制动器制动力矩仿真分析

Simulation Analysis for Braking Torque of Block Brakes of Passenger Elevators

摘要: 块式制动器是乘客电梯重要的安全部件之一，制动力矩是其主要性能指标。本文主要探究制动载荷大小、制动载荷偏载情况和闸瓦包角等因素对制动力矩的影响。分别建立了闸瓦包角为11.0˚、13.0˚、15.0˚、17.0˚的块式制动器模型，导入ABAQUS软件中，基于热–应力耦合分析方法，得到制动力矩与制动载荷的对应关系，以及温度云图和应力云图，并通过台架制动力矩试验验证仿真方法的准确性。结果表明，随着制动载荷增加，制动力矩、接触应力和温度不断增加；在较高制动载荷工况下，存在制动力矩因摩擦面温升而减小的现象；当制动器发生偏载时，制动力矩随偏载度增大而减小，并且周向偏载对制动力矩的影响大于侧向偏载。较低制动载荷工况下，闸瓦包角对制动力矩无显著影响；较高制动载荷工况下，制动力矩随着闸瓦包角的增加而增加。研究结果可为制动器闸瓦的安装与设计提供参考依据。

Abstract: Block brakes are important safety equipment for passenger elevators, and braking torque is one of its main performance indicators. This paper mainly explores the effects of brake load magnitude, brake load eccentricity and brake shoe wrapping angle on braking torque. Block brake models with brake shoes with wrapping angles of 11.0˚, 13.0˚, 15.0˚ and 17.0˚ were established respectively, imported into ABAQUS software, and based on the thermal-stress coupling analysis method, the correspondence between braking torque and braking pressure, as well as temperature cloud and stress cloud map, were obtained, and the accuracy of the simulation method was verified by braking torque bench test. The results show that with the increase of braking pressure, the braking torque, contact stress and temperature increase. Under high braking pressure conditions, there is a phe-nomenon that the braking torque decreases due to the temperature rise of the friction surface. When the braking load is eccentric, the braking torque decreases with the increase of the eccentric load, and the influence of circumferential eccentric load on the braking torque is greater than that of lateral eccentricity. Under low braking load conditions, the brake-wrapping angle has no signifi-cant effect on the braking torque. Under higher braking load conditions, the braking torque in-creases with the increase of the brake shoe wrapping angle. The results can provide a reference for the installation and design of brake shoes.