催收非法债务罪的立法定位原理

The Legislative Orientation Principle of Collecting Illegal Debts in Criminal Law

摘要: 以极端手段索取债务向来是为制定法所厌恶的，在过去以极端方法催收债务有可能被处以敲诈勒索罪、非法拘禁罪等罪名，然而上述个罪的入罪门槛都相对较高，经过司法实践校验不足以达到保护债务人的目的。刑法修正案(十一)规定的催收非法债务罪是在已有罪名的基础上，升格债务性质门槛而降低催收行为暴力性质门槛的一项罪名。换言之，在刑法的视野中，催收法所不予保护的债务，将不再被予以往的容忍度。结合催收非法债务罪的条文定位和法定刑，可以认为该罪是积极刑法观影响下刑法对于可能受非法债务迫害的“债务人”以更高规格的手段予以保护的产物。

Abstract: Before the crime of collecting illegal debts appeared, the criminal law could not protect the debtors in the illegal debts from every single case. At present, collecting the debts which are not protected by the collection law will no longer be tolerated by the criminal law. The crime of collecting illegal debts is the product of a positive criminal law view, which will give people persecuted by illegal debts a higher standard of protection in the future.