先天性左室流出道狭窄的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction

摘要: 先天性左室流出道狭窄是出生缺陷中发病率较高的一种疾病，根据狭窄的位置不同，一般分为主动脉瓣、主动脉瓣下、主动脉瓣上狭窄3种。临床症状：主要取决于左室流出道阻塞的程度。严重者在婴儿期即有心力衰竭症状，儿童期常见的症状为活动耐力差，表现为适量活动后气短、乏力，甚至出现心前区疼痛、昏厥等症状。本文通过文献查阅，试总结先天性左室流出道狭窄的分类，发病率，临床表现与外科治疗现状，以及不同手术的效果评价。使心脏外科医生从治疗历史中获取新的启发，为进一步研究提供知识背景，并能在治疗过程中针对患者疾病的具体情况选择合适的手术方式，准确掌握手术时机、预防术后并发症。

Abstract: Congenital Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction is a disease with a high incidence rate among birth defects. According to the location of the stenosis, it is generally divided into three types: aortic valve, subaortic valve, and supraaortic valve stenosis. Clinical symptoms: mainly depends on the degree of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The severe patients have heart failure symp-toms in infancy. The common symptoms in childhood are poor activity tolerance, shortness of breath, fatigue, and even precordial pain, fainting and other symptoms. Through literature review, this article tries to summarize the classification, incidence rate, clinical manifestations and surgical treatment status of congenital left ventricular outflow tract stenosis, as well as the evaluation of the effects of different operations. To enable cardiac surgeons to obtain new inspiration from the treat-ment history, provide knowledge background for further research, and select appropriate surgical methods according to the specific conditions of patients’ diseases during the treatment process, ac-curately grasp the surgical opportunity and prevent postoperative complications.