我国残疾人基本托养服务能力建设水平的空间分异特征与影响因素

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors on Capacity Building of Basic Foster Services for the Disabled in China

摘要: 基本托养服务能力建设水平的均衡发展是实现残疾人托养服务均等化的重要基础和保障。运用熵值法、聚类分析、非度量多维尺度分析和基尼系数法计算和分析我国残疾人基本托养服务能力建设水平的时空非均衡特征及其内部成因，利用线性混合模型分析了外部影响因素。结果发现：残疾人基本托养服务能力建设水平具有较高的省际均衡性，但托养机会、托养机构、日间托养服务和寄宿托养服务的省际非均衡性较高；东部地区省份的残疾人基本服务能力建设水平明显高于中部和西部地区，且多数东部省份以日间托养为主，中部省份以寄宿托养为主，西部省份则以居家托养为主；残疾人基本托养服务能力建设水平随地方财政能力提高显著提升，而与经济发展和残疾人人口密度没有显著关系。研究结果表明，缩小日间托养服务和托养机构的省际差距有助于提高基本托养服务能力建设水平的省际均衡，强调基于地方经济发展水平和残疾人人口密度科学合理地提高财政能力及其分配强度有助于提升残疾人的基本托养服务能力建设。

Abstract: The spatial balanced distribution of capacity building in basic foster service is important basis and guarantee for equality of foster services for the disabled. Entropy method, cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scale and Gini coefficient method were used to calculate and analyze the spatial-temporal equilibrium characteristics and internal causes of the capacity building of basic foster services for the disabled in China, and then external influencing factors were analyzed using linear mixed model. The results showed that: There is a high level of inter provincial balance in the capacity building of basic foster services, but the inter provincial imbalance of foster chance, day foster services, foster institutions and residential foster services is high; the level of capacity building of basic foster service for the disabled in the eastern region is prominent higher than that in the central and western regions, and most of the eastern provinces are mainly day foster services, central provinces are mainly residential foster services, and western provinces are mainly home foster services; improving capacity building of basic foster services for the disabled is significantly affected by local financial capacity, but has no significant relationship with economic development and population density of the disabled. This study suggested that narrowing the inter provincial gap between day foster services and foster institutions would help to improve the inter provincial equality of the capacity building level in basic foster service and highlighted that scientific and reasonable improvement of financial capacity and its allocation, based on the level of local economic development and the population density of the disabled, would help to improve the capacity building level of basic foster service for the disable.