有限理性视域下的家庭教育决策行为探讨

Discussion on Family Education Decision-Making Behavior from the Perspective of Limited Rationality

摘要: 家庭教育对子女的健康成长有着极为重要的影响，但当前教育焦虑已经成为一种社会共性，教育焦虑所导致的直接后果就是父母对子女过高的教育期待以及不恰当的教育决策行为。本文基于对上海地区中小学家长的实证调查发现：1) 家长的教育焦虑与他们的家庭教育成本正相关，即家长的焦虑程度越高，他们的教育投资行为就越频繁，教育成本也越高，且教育焦虑的不同维度对家庭教育成本的影响也存在不同；2) 家庭教育投资行为存在城乡地区差异、学历差异以及经济水平上的差异；3) 结合有限理性理论认为家庭教育决策行为形成的内生逻辑在于：一、个人认知能力的有限性；二、外部环境的复杂性；三，从众的模仿行为。最后根据针对如何缓解教育焦虑问题提出相关改进意见，希望有助于推进我国教育发展。

Abstract: Family education has a very important impact on the healthy growth of children, but the current education anxiety has become a kind of social commonality. The direct result of education anxiety is that parents have too high expectations for their children’s education and inappropriate education-al decision-making behavior. This paper is based on the empirical investigation of parents of pri-mary and secondary schools in Shanghai: 1) Parents’ educational anxiety is positively correlated with their family education costs, that is, the higher the degree of parents’ anxiety, the more fre-quent their educational investment behavior, the higher the education costs, and the different types of parents’ educational anxiety have different effects on the family education costs; 2) There are differences between urban and rural areas, educational background and economic level in fam-ily education investment behavior; 3) According to the theory of bounded rationality, the endoge-nous logic of family education decision-making behavior is as follows: 1. The limitation of individual cognitive ability; 2. The complexity of the external environment; 3. The imitation behavior of con-formity. Finally, based on how to alleviate the problem of education anxiety, the author puts for-ward some suggestions for improvement, hoping to promote the development of education in our country.