中文人生意义问卷的信效度分析

Reliability and Validity Test of Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire

摘要: 近年来，对于人生意义的探索不断增加，王孟成和戴晓阳改编的中文版问卷得到了广泛的使用。采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析，以1214个参与者为样本，对该量表的质量进行检验。结果发现：1) 该量表的项目区分度均大于0.42；2) 在本研究中，生命意义感问卷的信度和内部一致性表现良好(α = 0.86)。此外，体验(α = 0.90)和寻求(α = 0.89)两维度都在总样本中表现出良好的信度。；3) 验证性因素分析发现，两因子结构具有合理性，模型拟合指标良好；4) 群体差异分析发现，生命意义感及意义体验在不同性别和学历层次上均存在差异。具体来讲，男性的生命意义感高于女性，高中及以下学历的参与者比大学学历的参与者体验到更多的生命意义感。中文版人生意义问卷具有良好的信度和项目区分度，问卷的两维度结构具有合理性，能够帮助揭示生命意义感在群体上的差异，具有一定的区分效度。

Abstract: In recent years, the search for the meaning in life has been increasing, and Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire (C-MLQ) adapted by Wang Mengcheng and Dai Xiaoyang has been widely used. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the quality of the questionnaire with a sample of 1214 participants. The results showed that: 1) The discrimination of items in the questionnaire was all greater than 0.42; 2) the C-MLQ had demonstrated good reliability and the internal consistency in the present sample was good (α = 0.86). Besides, both Presence (α = 0.90) and Search (α = 0.89) displayed good reliability in the aggregate sample. 3) The validation factor analysis found that the two-factor structure was reasonable and the model fitted well; 4) the analysis of group differences found that the meaning in life and the presence of meaning differed across gender and education levels. In details, the meaning in life of males was higher than that of females, and participants with a high school degree or less experienced less meaning in life than participants with a university degree. Chinese Meaning in Life Questionnaire has good reliability and item discrimination, and the two-dimensional structure of the questionnaire is reasonable, which can help reveal the difference of the meaning in life between different subgroups.