董事的破产申请义务制度构建

The Construction of Director’s Bankruptcy Application Obligation System

摘要: 《企业破产法》第7条规定了债权人、债务人及负有清算责任的人的破产申请权和破产申请义务。囿于利益考量，债权人与债务人均有懈怠性。在现实的经济活动中，大量陷入破产困局的公司仍营造出正常经营的假象，致使公司财产处于不断贬值甚至流失的风险中，这对新旧债权人的利益保护大为不利。可引入信义义务并对其进行扩张，并借鉴德国的董事破产申请义务与迟延申请责任制度，在企业濒临破产之际，确立董事强制破产申请义务，并明确董事不履行强制申请义务的责任性质与赔偿范围。这对填补我国破产启动程序的空缺以及理顺企业破产法与公司法的制度关系将大有裨益。

Abstract: Article 7 of the enterprise bankruptcy law stipulates the right and obligation of creditors, debtors and persons with liquidation responsibility to apply for bankruptcy. Because of the consid-eration of interests, both the creditor and the debtor are slack. In the real economic activities, a large number of bankrupt companies still create the illusion of normal operation, resulting in the constant devaluation of company property and even the risk of loss, which is very bad for the pro-tection of the interests of old and new creditors. We can introduce fiduciary duty and expand it, and draw lessons from the German director’s bankruptcy application duty and the deferred application duty system; when the enterprise is on the verge of bankruptcy, we can establish the director’s compulsory bankruptcy application duty, and clear directors do not fulfill the obligation of compul-sory application of the nature of responsibility and the scope of compensation. This will be of great benefit to fill the vacancy of our country’s bankruptcy start-up procedure and to straighten out the institutional relationship between the enterprise bankruptcy law and the company law.