四种水溶性离子液体对斜生栅藻的急性毒性研究

Research on the Acute Toxicity of Four Hydrosoluble Ionic Liquids to Scenedesmus obliquus

摘要: 本文选取斜生栅藻作为模式生物，合成且研究了咪唑类离子液体系列1-丁基、1-辛基、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐酸盐([C_nmim][Cl] (n = 4, 8, 12)) 3种咪唑类离子液体和一种由食品原料合成的离子液体邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺胆碱([Chol]⁺[Sac]⁻)的暴露对斜生栅藻种群生长抑制率的影响。此外，还选取了常见的无机阴、阳离子毒物作为阳性对照，比如重金属盐CuCl₂∙2H₂O、ZnCl₂及阴离子毒物重铬酸钾，研究了斜生栅藻对有毒物质的敏感性。根据前述受试物各自剂量–效应曲线的拟合结果显示，随着咪唑类离子液体咪唑环上烃基侧链碳原子数的增加，它们对斜生栅藻种群生长的抑制效应也会相应增强，3种离子液体对斜生栅藻的E_bC_50-96h依次为45.62 mg/L、0.6083 mg/L和41.87 μg/L，而邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺胆碱离子液体([Chol]⁺[Sac]⁻)对斜生栅藻种群的生长抑制效应相对较小，其E_bC_50-96h为13030 mg/L。后两种咪唑类离子液体对斜生栅藻的E_bC_50-96h比无机毒物重铬酸钾对斜生栅藻的(E_bC_50-96h = 1.107 mg/L)和重金属盐CuCl₂∙2H₂O (E_bC_50-96h = 1.800 mg/L)及ZnCl₂ (E_bC_50-96h = 2.201 mg/L)低了1~2个数量级，剩下的一种则高了1个数量级。

Abstract: In this paper, acute toxicity of three imidazolium ionic liquids, 1-butyl-, 1-octyl-, 1-dodecyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride([C_nmin][Cl] (n = 4, 8, 12)) and one kind of o-sulfonyl benzamide choline ([Chol]⁺[Sac]⁻) that synthesized from food materials on the growth inhibition rate of the population of Scenedesmus obliquus in artificial algal medium were studied. In addition, cation toxic inorganics such as CuCl2∙2H2O and ZnCl2 and anionic toxic inorganic like potassium di-chromate were selected as positive control for the susceptibility test of Scenedesmus obliquus to toxic substance. According to the fitting results of the dose-effect curves of the hydrosoluble ionic liquids mentioned above, with the increase in length of the alkyl side chain on the imidazole rings, the inhibitory effect of the imidazolium ionic liquids to Scenedesmus obliquus would be accordingly increased, the E_bC_50-96h values of the three ionic liquids were 45.62 mg/L, 0.6083 mg/L, 41.87 μg/L, respectively, while the o-sulfonyl benzamide choline ionic liquids ([Chol]⁺[Sac]⁻) had a relatively small inhibitory effect on the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus, its E_bC_50-96h value was 13030 mg/L. The E_bC_50-96h ratio of the latter two imidazolium ionic liquids to the E_bC_50-96h =1.107 mg/L and the heavy metal salts CuCl₂∙2H₂O (E_bC_50-96h = 1.800 mg/L) and ZnCl₂ of the inorganic poisons potassium dichromate (E_bC_50-96h = 2.201 mg/L) is 1~2 orders of magnitude lower, and the remaining one is 1 order of magnitude higher.