电信网络交友诈骗语用身份建构研究

A Research on False Pragmatic Identity Construction in Telecom Network Dating Scam

摘要: 电信网络交友诈骗是高发电信网络诈骗类型之一，诈骗犯常虚假白领、高管等成功人士身份以交友或婚恋为由实施诈骗，从语用视角剖析诈骗犯身份建构、了解受骗人认同虚假身份的认知机制对防范此类案件有重要意义。本研究选取一则真实的电信网络交友诈骗案并收集诈骗双方的文本会话语料，在语用身份论指导下探讨虚假语用身份类型及其相应的话语选择，借助关联理论下强弱交际观对印象管理的解释和认知语境动态变化的概念演绎受骗人的虚假身份认知机制。本研究的创新点在于分别从诈骗犯与受骗人的视角阐释虚假语用身份的建构与认同过程。研究发现诈骗犯虚构了凸显身份(投资达人)、偏离身份(友人)和第三方身份，受骗人受虚假语用身份建构话语强弱暗含的影响以及在诈骗犯认知语境的互明增强下趋向于认同以上身份。

Abstract: Telecom network dating scam is one of the high-incidence types of telecom network fraud, fraudsters often disguise themselves in false white-collar workers, executives and other social identities of high class to implement fraud on the grounds of making friends or dating. To prevent such tragedies, it is of great significance to explore in the pragmatic perspective the false identity construction and probe into the cognitive mechanisms beneath the deceived’s recognization of those identities. We collected discoursive data between two fraud sides from a real telecom network dating scam, and under the guidance of the pragmatic identity theory we tried to find the constructed false pragmatic identity types and analysed the corresponding discoursive choice, as well as illustrated the fraudsters’ impression management and the devived’s cognitive processing of false pragmatic identities, based on the concepts of strong and weak communication and dynamic cognitve environment under the relevance theory. The innovation of this study is to explain the identity construction and recognition of false pragmatic identity from the perspectives of both the fraudsters and the deceived. We finally found that the fraudster built salient identity (investment expert), deviated identity (friend) and third-party identities. The deceived tended to agree with the above identities, in the influence of the strong and weak implications deducted from the discoursive practices constructing those identities and the growing mutual manifestation between the cognitive environments of the two sides.