与脑小血管病认知障碍相关的海马结构功能耦合的研究进展

Research Progress of Coupling of Hippocampal Structure and Function Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Pa-tients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

摘要: 脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease, CSVD)可导致精神和认知功能障碍，海马是与精神、认知相关的大脑核心区域。海马结构和功能的损伤在CSVD患者的神经精神障碍中起到重要作用。研究表明，脑功能改变伴随着相应区域的结构变化，正常的结构–功能耦合对于大脑正常运转至关重要，而结构–功能耦合的破坏也在许多神经精神疾病中被发现。越来越多的证据表明，认知障碍与海马结构、功能破坏之间存在明显的相关性，而目前对CSVD患者海马的研究多集中在单一的结构或功能方面，海马结构–功能耦合的研究较少。因此，基于多模态磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)的海马结构与功能耦合分析对于探索和阐明CSVD患者认知与精神障碍的神经生物学机制具有重要意义。本文旨在对CSVD患者海马结构和功能改变的MRI研究进行论述，特别是基于多模态MRI的海马结构和功能改变的耦合，为CSVD的发病机制研究和早期诊断提供新的视角。

Abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can lead to mental and cognitive dysfunction, and the hippo-campus is a core brain region related to psychological function and cognition. Damage to hippo-campal structure and function plays an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with CSVD. Studies have shown that functional changes are accompanied by structural changes in the corresponding regions. Normal structure-function coupling is essential for the optimal brain performance, and disrupted structure-function coupling has also been found in many neuropsychi-atric diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that there is a clear correlation between cognitive im-pairment and hippocampal structural and functional impairment. However, at present, most stud-ies on the hippocampus of CSVD patients focus on a single structure or function aspect, and few studies on the structure-function coupling of hippocampus. Therefore, the coupling analysis of hip-pocampal structure and function based on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has po-tential significance in exploration and elucidation of neurobiological mechanism of cognitive and mental impairment in patients with CSVD. This article aims to discuss MRI studies on hippocampal structure and function alterations in patients with CSVD, especially the coupling of hippocampal structure and function changes based on multi-modal MRI, to provide a new perspective for the pathogenesis research and early diagnosis of CSVD.