雾化吸入局麻药表面麻醉在全麻术中的研究进展

Research Progress of Nebulizing Inhalation Local Anesthetic Surface Anesthesia in General Anesthesia

摘要: 全身麻醉是现代麻醉中的主要麻醉方式之一，在全身麻醉中，器械及药物的使用，可能会诱发或加重患者原有的基础疾病。全身麻醉时气管插管会引起一系列的血流动力学变化，严重时可引起心脑血管意外，故对全麻期间心血管等不良反应的防治，备受临床关注。除此之外，全麻术后咽喉痛(postoperative sore throat, POST)的发生率较高。POST是评估术后质量的重要指标之一，降低POST的发生率对于提高麻醉医师围手术期的管理质量以及提高患者围手术期的安全性和舒适度都具有重要的意义。充分的口咽、喉部表面麻醉都可减轻插管反应及经口明视气管插管的血流动力学变化，有效降低术后咽喉痛的发生率。麻醉诱导前雾化吸入表面麻醉简便易行，病人耐受性高。目前，雾化吸入表面麻醉主要在纤维喉镜检查、支气管镜介入检查治疗及一些局麻术中应用较多，现将雾化吸入局麻药表面麻醉在全麻术中的进展加以汇总，为全麻的管理及并发症的预防提供参考。

Abstract: General anesthesia is one of the main anesthesia methods in modern anesthesia. In general anes-thesia, the use of instruments and drugs may induce or aggravate the original underlying diseases of patients. Endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia can cause a series of hemodynamic changes, which can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents in severe cases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular adverse reactions during general anesthesia have attracted much clinical attention. In addition, postoperative sore throat (POST) has a high incidence. POST is one of the important indexes to evaluate postoperative quality. Reducing the incidence of POST is of great significance to improve the quality of anesthesiologists’ perioperative management and improve the safety and comfort of patients during perioperative period. Adequate oropharyn-geal and laryngeal surface anesthesia can alleviate intubation reaction and hemodynamic changes of tracheal intubation through the mouth, and effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative sore throat. Aerosol inhalation surface anesthesia before anesthesia induction is simple and easy to per-form and highly be tolerated by patients. At present, nebulizing inhalation surface anesthesia is mainly used in fibrolaryngoscopy, bronchoscopy intervention and some local anesthesia. This arti-cle summarizes the progress of nebulizing inhalation local anesthetic surface anesthesia in general anesthesia, so as to provide reference for the management of general anesthesia and the prevention of complications.