紧急制动下驾驶员的坐姿仿真变化及损伤研究

Research on Driver’s Sitting Posture Simulation Change and Injury under Emergency Braking

摘要: 本文建立了车辆约束系统模型，以NAIS统计的座椅角度数据为基础，在FRB和MPDB两种碰撞工况下，通过LS-DYNA利用THOR假人模型仿真对比分析三种初始驾驶坐姿在紧急制动下乘员的运动学响应及假人头部、颈部和胸部的损伤风险。最后采用NSGA-II算法的多目标优化方法求解乘员座椅部分位置的最优参数值。结果表明：以综合假人评价指标WIC值最小为目标获得数据是座椅角度100.1˚，踏板到坐垫前端水平距离0.48 m，方向盘中心到靠背上端水平距离0.66 m，座椅坐垫高度0.18 m。这组数据将为进一步提高乘员座椅的正面碰撞防护能力和未来主被动安全一体化的开发策略提供参数依据。

Abstract: This paper establishes restraint system model of vehicle, based on the seat angle data of NAIS sta-tistical; under the two impact conditions of FRB and MPDB, LS-DYNA uses the THOR dummy model to simulate and compare the kinematics response of passengers in three initial driving sitting posi-tions under emergency braking and the injury risk of the dummy head, neck and chest. Finally, the multi-objective optimization method of NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the optimal values of some position parameters of the passenger seat. The results show that the data obtained with the objective of minimizing the damage value of the integrated dummy are the seat angle of 100.1˚, the horizontal distance from the pedal to the front end of the seat cushion with 0.48 m, the horizontal distance from the steering wheel center to the upper end of the backrest of 0.66 m, and the seat cushion height of 0.18 m. This set of data will provide parameter basis for further improving the frontal collision protection capability of the passenger seat and the development strategy of the in-tegration of active and passive safety in the future.