miR-144-3p相关的研究进展

Progress in miR-144-3p-Related Research

摘要: miRNA是一类由21~25个核苷酸组成的小分子非编码RNA，主要通过靶向mRNA，抑制其转录后翻译或降解mRNA使基因沉默发挥调控作用。也有少部分miRNA能够诱导转录或上调蛋白的表达。miRNA的特点是高稳定性、强特异性、具有简单的化学结构，且无需进行转录后修饰，可反复冻融和长期保存，易于快速检测，尤其在疾病诊断领域，被视作多种疾病的潜在理想生物标志物。miRNA以囊泡转运或蛋白载体机制被细胞输出或输入，介导不同组织间的通讯，通过不同的信号通路，调节远端细胞功能，参与了疾病的过程。LncRNA (长链非编码RNA)是长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，其组织表达谱广泛，物种间序列保守性低，LncRNA多数位于细胞核，作用机制多样，参与表观遗传修饰、转录、调控，而胞质中lncRNA的功能局限于转录后的调节，通过影响mRNA稳定性和蛋白质状态发挥作用。近年来，随着分子生物学技术的不断发展，越来越多的研究发现，miRNA参与了多种疾病的生理、病理过程。本文主要就近几年有关miR-144-3p的研究进展做如下综述，主要内容包括上下游的LncRNA (长链非编码RNA)和可能的信号通路，为疾病的诊断、治疗提供参考意见。

Abstract: miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs consisting of 21~25 nucleotides, which are regulated by targeting mRNAs, inhibiting their post-transcriptional translation or degrading them to silence genes. A small number of miRNAs can induce transcription or up-regulate protein expression. miRNAs are characterised by high stability, strong specificity, simple chemical structure, no post- transcriptional modification, repeated freeze-thaw and long-term storage, and easy and rapid de-tection. miRNAs are regarded as potentially ideal biomarkers for many diseases, especially in the field of disease diagnosis. miRNAs are exported or imported by cells by vesicle transport or protein carrier mechanisms, mediating communication between different tissues and regulating distal cel-lular functions through different signaling pathways that are involved in disease processes. LncRNAs (long-stranded non-coding RNAs) are non-coding RNAs greater than 200 nucleotides in length, with a broad tissue expression profile and low sequence conservation between species, most LncRNAs are located in the nucleus and have diverse mechanisms of action, participating in epige-netic modification, transcription and regulation, whereas the function of lncRNAs in the cytoplasm is limited to post-transcriptional regulation, acting by influencing mRNA stability and protein status. In recent years, with the continuous development of molecular biology techniques, more and more studies have found that miRNAs are involved in the physiological and pathological processes of var-ious diseases. This paper mainly reviews the research progress about miR-144-3p in recent years as follows, mainly including upstream and downstream LncRNAs (long-stranded non-coding RNAs) and possible signaling pathways, which provide reference advice for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.